As Clausewitz observed, “In war more than anywhere else, things do not turn out as we expect.” The essence of war is a competitive reciprocal relationship with an adversary. Commanders and institutional leaders must recognize shortfalls and resolve gaps rapidly in the middle of the fog of war. The side that reacts best (and absorbs faster) increases its chances of ...
Gordon Williamson, using a carefully selected range of both wartime images and color images of surviving U-boat memorabilia from private collections, describes one hundred iconic elements of the U-boat service and its campaigns. The array of objects includes important individuals and the major U-boat types, through to the uniforms and insignias the men wore. The weapons, equipment and technology used are explored, as are the ...