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Captain De La Mater is assistant to the senior vice president for public affairs of the American Gas Association. His last two assignments, prior to his retirement in 1973, were as special assistant to the Chief of Naval Operations for organization liaison and director, naval air weapons analysis staff, office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air Warfare). Captain De La Mater graduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1943 and, after service in the battleship Colorado (BB-45), entered flight training, which he completed in 1945. He has served in five fighter squadrons, including, in 1959, command of one, VF-92. Also that year, he received his M.A. degree in personnel administration and training and education from Stanford University. Prior to that, he had been officer in charge of special weapons, Tactical Delivery School; had managed the aviation rating advancement program in the Pacific Fleet for Commander Air Force Pacific; and had been personnel officer, NAS Moffett Field, California. He has served as air operations officer in the Coral Sea (CVA-43); as head of the aviation ship readiness section, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; and as special assistant to the Director, Navy Program Planning. Graduating in 1966 in the upper 1096 of his class from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, he has served as CO of the Francis Marion (APA-249) and of the Guam (LPH-9). In 1963, he was co-author of a study on nuclear propulsion for surface ships, and that same year won first honorable mention in the Naval Institute’s prize essay contest for "The Navy Image.” He has been a guest lecturer at the Air War College and the Royal Canadian Air Force War College.
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Captain How is Commanding Officer of the U. S. Coast Guard Training Center in Cape May, New Jersey. He assumed this post in 1973 after serving for four years as chief of the plans evaluation division in Washington, D.C. After being graduated from the U. S. Coast Guard Academy in 1946 with a B.S. degree in engineering, he served in the cutter Algonquin, performing search and rescue missions, the light icebreaker St oris, and the buoy tender Firebush, the last-named as executive officer. He served for two years in New York as assistant captain of the port, then returned to sea in the cutter Campbell and the icebreaker Westwind. He subsequently served as assistant director of the Coast Guard Auxiliary in Philadelphia, CO of the buoy tender Jonquil, executive officer of the Coast Guard Group in Sault Stc. Marie, Michigan, and chief of the personnel procurement branch at Coast Guard Headquarters in Washington. In 1963 he received his M.S. degree in management at the Naval Postgraduate School, and took command of the buoy tender Mariposa. He returned to the Coast Guard Academy in 1965, where he was assigned first as chief of the seamanship section and then as head of the Department of Humanities. During the summer cadet practice cruises, he commanded the Academy’s barque Eagle.
11
To the Limit of Our Vision— And Back
Seaborne and Airborne Power in Europe
General, U. S. Marine Corps
Major General, Royal Marines (Retired)
General Cushman became Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1972, nominated for the post while serving his third year as deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency. A graduate of the U. S. Naval Academy in 1935, he served in Shanghai as platoon commander with the 4th Marines, and later the 2nd Marine Brigade. On 7 December, 1941, he was a captain aboard the USS Pennsylvania at Pearl Harbor, serving as commander of the ship’s Marine Detachment. General Cushman earned the Navy Cross during the recapture of Guam. During his career, he commanded the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions, and was also the commanding general of the Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton, California. As a colonel, he served with the Central Intelligence Agency from 1949 to 1951. He served four years, 1957 to 1961, on the staff of the then Vice President Richard M. Nixon as Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs. General Cushman served in Vietnam as the commanding general of the III Marine Amphibious Force, which was the largest combined combat unit ever led by a Marine. He is the author of "Amphibious Warfare: Naval Weapons of the Future” in the March 1948 Naval Institute Proceedings and 'The Vertical Assault: Its Present and Future” in Naval Review 1964.
Since retiring, General Moulton has been Chairman of the Council of the Royal United Service Institute (1967-69) and editor of Brassefs Annual (1964-73) and has written extensively on military history and defense. His books have included Haste to the Battle, a personal account of unit command in northwestern Europe, Defence in a Changing World, The Norwegian Campaign of 1940, and The Royal Marines, a short regimental history. His essays for Naval Review were "The Indonesian Confrontation,” in 1969, and "The Defense of Northwest Europe and the North Sea,” in 1971. He entered the Royal Marines in 1924, served in HMS Rodney and Revenge and then was a pilot in the Fleet Air Arm, from 1930 to 1935, first in the Mediterranean and then in the China Fleet. He studied at the Army Staff College for two years. In 1940 he was at Dunkirk as a general staff officer with the Army. The next year he was with headquarters of the new Royal Marines Division and in 1942 he took part in the planning and operations of the Madagascar campaign. He served next with the 10th Battalion, Royal Marines, and at Combined Operations Headquarters, before forming 48 (Royal Marines) Commando in 1944. He commanded the commando at Normandy and Walcheren, and in 1945 had command of the 4th Commando Brigade. From 1946 to 1949 he was engaged in various training activities. During the 1950s he .was assistant chief of staff to the Commandant General, Royal Marines; Commander 3rd Commando Brigade, in Malta and the Suez Canal Zone; commander of the Portsmouth Group, Royal Marines; and finally Chief of Amphibious Warfare until he retired in 1961.
In his last post he did much to bring about construction of the new assault and logistic ships.
Norman Polmar has been an executive of Lulejian & Associates, Inc., since 1970, where he has directed and participated in studies of U. S. and Soviet strategy, weapons development; and leadership. Additionally, he is editor of the United States section of Jane’s Fighting Ships. Related to these activities during the summer of 1973 he visited the USSR as a guest of the Soviet Institute of U. S. Studies and the Soviet Navy. A 1965 graduate in journalism and history from The American University, he was a reporter for The Washington Daily News, and then associate editor of Navy Times from I960 to 1963. During that period he became Washington correspondent for the British magazine Navy. From 1963 to 1967 he was assistant editor of the U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings. During this period he also lectured at the Naval Academy on World War II weapons and contributed regularly to the U. S. Air Force Association’s magazines Air Force/Space Digest and Aerospace International.
For the next three years Mr. Polmar was an employee of the Northrop Corporation, being involved with the Navy’s deep submergence rescue and search submersiblcs, advanced diving systems, and SeaLab III underwater living program. In addition to numerous newspaper and magazine articles published in the United States and abroad, Mr. Polmar is author of the books Atomic Submarines, Death of the Thresher, and Aircraft Carriers. His essay "Soviet Shipbuilding and Shipyards” appeared in Naval Review 1972.
Domestic Shipping and American Maritime Policy
A Union Leader Looks at the Merchant Marine
The Present and Future of the West Coast Fishing Industries
Wallace T. Sansone, deputy chief of the office of domestic shipping, has been with the Maritime Administration (MarAd) since July 1968. Prior to that time, he served in MarAd’s offices of ports and intermodal systems and subsidy administration. Other experience includes a year as a logistics consultant for the U. S. Navy, three years in the maritime industry as operations manager with Overseas Freight and Terminal Corporation and assistant to the vice president of Metal Transport Corporation. For four years he served in the merchant marine as a deck officer in passenger, tanker, and dry cargo vessels. He was graduated from the New York State Maritime College with a B.S. degree in 1960, and from New York University in 1964 with an M B A. He holds the rank of lieutenant commander in the U. S. Naval Reserve.
Paul Hall is president of the 85,000-member Seafarers International Union of North America, AFL-CIO—a federation of 39 autonomous unions in the maritime, fishing, and allied industries. He is a vice president and member of the Executive Council of the national AFL-CIO and heads that labor federation’s Maritime Trades Department (MTD) which has the responsibility for representing labor’s interests in the fields of merchant shipping, shipbuilding, and related activities. Mr. Hall began his seafaring career in the 1930s and served as a messman, fireman-water tender, and oiler aboard the SS 1Vest Kysk, Robin Tuxford, and Joseph Hughes before coming ashore as an elected union officer. He is active in a wide range of community activities, many of them centering on developing the full potential of the nation’s young people. He has served as vice president of the Civic Center Clinic in New York, an organization which provides psychiatric treatment for youthful offenders as an alternative to prison sentences, and has received that organization’s Humanitarian Award for his activities. He served as the worker delegate to the U. S. delegation to the 1970 International Labour Organization’s Maritime Session and is a member of the Board of Governors and the Executive Committee of the National Maritime Council, a management, labor, and government group which seeks to promote use of American-flag vessels by U. S. shippers.
Richard H. Philips is the editor of Pacific Fisheries Review and of The Fishermen’s News, Pacific Coast commercial fishing trade journals. Formerly he was West Coast editor of The National Fisherman. He is a native of Seattle, and in 1956 was graduated from the University of Washington with a B.A. in English literature. He served his apprenticeship in the newspaper business as a copy boy on the Seattle Post Intelligencer, working 40 hours per week during his four years in college. Except for two years of military service in Paris, France, he has been a journalist all of his working life, and for the past 12 years has specialized in the commercial fisheries. As a commercial fisheries reporter he has traveled along the Pacific Coast from Adak, Alaska, to Lima, Peru, into the Caribbean, and through Spain and France.
13
SALT I
Some Thoughts on Ships’ Boats in the Navy
The Maritime World in 1973
Naval and Maritime Events January 1973 December 1973
Roy L. Beavers, Jr.
Commander, U. S. Navy (Retired)
Commander Beavers, now conducting independent research for a book on the changing character of warfare in the present era, is the author of many articles and essays on national security policy. His article,
"Counterforce or Countervalue,” published in the April 1974 Proceedings, was the U. S. Naval Institute prize essay gold medal winner for 1974. Commander Beavers received his U. S.
Navy commission in 1952 via the NROTC at the University of Missouri. He retired from the Navy in 1972 after 20 years of service, which included 12 years at sea in the Tingey (DD-539), Saint Paul (CA-73), Essex (CVS-9), and Ticonderoga (CVS-14), his last sea duty being executive officer of the George K.
Mackenzie (DD-836). His Washington duty included assignments to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. In 1970, he received his M.A. in Political Science from the University of Maryland.
John D. Hayes J. B. Finkelstein
Rear Admiral, U. S. Navy (Retired) Commander, U. S. Navy
Mr. Taylor is president of International Marine Publishing Company, Camden, Maine, a firm that specializes in the publication and distribution of marine books and art prints. He writes regularly on boat design for National Fisherman. He was graduated from Harvard College in 1953, having concentrated in maritime history. He was an NROTC student and, after commissioning, served in the USS Benner (DDR-807), went to submarine school, and served in the USS Sarda (SS-488). He was released from active duty in 1957 and joined the ready reserve. He is now a commander. Mr. Taylor joined the staff* of the Naval Institute in 1959 as an editor. He became Managing Editor and then Editorial Director. He left the staff* in 1969 to form International Marine.
the plans for the Philippine and Borneo operations and for the occupation of Korea and North China in 1945. During the Korean War he was Commander Service Squadron One, Pacific Fleet. He attended the Army and Navy Staff College, the Naval War College, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, and was on the faculty of the latter before he retired in 1954.
Admiral Hayes has written extensively on modern applications of sea power for professional military-, naval, and shipping periodicals, particularly the Proceedings, and for various general-interest publications. In 1965, he won the U. S. Naval Institute’s Prize Essay Contest with "Sine Qua Non of U. S. Sea Power: the Merchant Ship.” He prepared commentaries, similar to the one in this issue, for the 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, and 1973 editions of Naval Review. Graduated from the Naval Academy in 1924, he served successively in the USS Milwaukee (CL-5), USS Litchfield (DD-336), and USS West Virginia (BB-48), with time out to obtain a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of California and for study at the Naval Postgraduate School. He commanded the USS Hunt (DD-194) and USS Breckinridge (DD-148), and in 1941 became chief engineer of the USS Astoria (CA-34), and was aboard her when she was lost in 1942. He was in the Third Amphibious Force and then on the staff of the Seventh Amphibious Force, and drew up
Commander Finkelstein is director of the public information division of the Office of Information. He headed the press desk in this division for nine months before assuming his present position. He received his undergraduate degree from Louisiana State University in I960, and, after attending Officer Candidate School at Newport, was commissioned an ensign in the Naval Reserve. He served in the Francis Marion (APA-249) from 1961 to 1962. From 1963 to 1964, he served as Assistant Public Affairs Officer at Headquarters Eighth Naval District.
In 1965, he became assistant public affairs officer on the staff of Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet. During this tour, he was assigned two extended temporary duty tours with the Seventh Fleet public affairs detachment in Saigon. He served as public affairs officer for Commander First Fleet from 1967 to 1968 and entered the University of Wisconsin under the Navy postgraduate education program in September 1968. He received his master’s degree in journalism/mass communications early in 1970 and served as public affairs officer at the U. S. Naval Academy until 1972.