ANNALEN DER HYDROGRAPHIE UND MARITIMEN METEOROLOGIE.
15TH Annual Series, 1887, No. 4. Observations for the magnetism of the earth by the International Polar Expeditions. Report of a reconnaissance on the east coast of Africa, made by H. I. M. gunboat Hyane. The rivers Malimba and Benudo, west coast of Africa. Deep-sea soundings in the Arabian Gulf, U. S‘. S. Essex. Currents in the Indian Ocean, observed by Hi I. M. ships Sophie, Carola, and Bismarck. Report on the voyage of the German brig Nicolaus from Liverpool to Banana, thence via West Indies to Kopenhagen. Remarks about Tamarindo and Corinto, on the Pacific coast of Central America. Voyage of the Danish cruiser Fylla to Baffins Bay, 1886. Geographical positions of different parts of the world. Two hurricanes in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Weather chart of the North Atlantic Ocean. Short Notices: Regulations for the navigation of the Suez Canal by night. Tides in Finsch Harbor. Kaiser Wilhelm’s Land. Remarks about several islands of the Ellice group, Gilbert group, Union group, and Phoenix group. Entrance to Palaevan, Island of Mindora Fusan, east coast of Corea. Inland passage between Amoy and the river Min. Vladivostock. Karsa-kowsk, south end of the island of Saghalien. Kaan Island, South Pacific Ocean. Bottle-post.
No. 5. Samana Bay, San Domingo. Description of the coast of Kaiser Wilhelm’s Land. Nimrod Sound, China. Distribution of the temperature of the water at the surface of the ocean. Determination of the position and characteristics of islands and reefs in the ocean. Cyclones in the Gulf of Bengal. Hurricanes and gales in the South Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Easter Island. Rain of ashes in New Guinea. Short Notices: Mouth of the river Congo. West coast of Africa, near Cape Negro and Cape Albino. Wood’s Hull, east coast of the United States. Mayaguez, Porto Rico. Ras al Khyle, east coast of Africa. Currents and surface temperatures in Formosa Straits. Harbor of Hiute, Gulf of Anend, Chiloe, east coast of Chile. Remarks about several islands of the Panmotu archipelago. Bottle-post.
No. 6. The influence of the rotation of the sun on the magnetism of the earth. Sailing directions and descriptions on the east coast of Africa. Remarks about the Solomon Islands. Christmas Island inthe Indian Ocean. Navigation about Cape Gordafin during the S.W. monsoon. Frequency of storms near the times of equinox. March typhoons in Japan. Upper air currents near the equator. Short Notices: Sailing directions for leaving St. Paul de Luando. Soundings on the bar of Maracaibo. Currents on the east coast of Africa between Zanzibar and Capetown. Port Phaeton, Tahiti. Bottle-post.
No. 7. Quarterly review of the weather observations of the German Nautical Observatory, Fall of 1883. Hydrographic observations of H. I. M. S. Adler in Bismarck archipelago, Kaiser Wilhelm’s Land, and the Anachoreten and Hermit Islands. Deep-sea soundings in the North Atlantic Ocean, U. S. S. Juniata. Deep-sea soundings in the Indian Ocean, U. S. S. Essex. Currents, ice, and navigation near the Coast Islands. Rains on the Island of Mauritius and adjacent parts of the ocean. Short Notices: Temperature and currents in the Corral Sea. Bottle-post.
No. 8. The use of oil to calm the sea: examples. Extracts from the log of the German bark Speculant, west coast of Central America. Deep-sea soundings in the Indian Ocean, PI. M. S. Flying Fish. Quarterly review of weather observations of German Nautical Observatory, Fall of 1883: conclusion. Rain chart of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Chart of the division of the Indian Ocean into stations for the vessels observing for the German Nautical Observatory. Short Notices: Mossamedes, west coast of Africa. Bottle-post.
E. H. C. L.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL ASSOCIATION.
No. 22, June 29, 1887.
The steel stern-post for the cruiser Charleston was successfully cast on the 22d inst. by the Pacific Rolling Mill Co., at San Francisco. The post is 22 feet long on the keel, with an upright of 20 feet, and weighs about 15,000 pounds.
The Standard Steel Works at Thurlow, Pa., cast a steel stern-post for gunboat No. 1, weighing 15,000 pounds, and an engine bed-plate for the cruiser Baltimore. W. F. W.
No. 24, July 13. Southern resources for the manufacture of iron and steel.
A paper by the editor, Janies M. Swank, giving a resume of the progress of the Southern States in the manufacture of iron and steel since the war, and of the resources of Maryland, West Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia in the production of iron ore.
No. 25, July 20. Big guns gone off at Boston.
A description of the two immense 90-foot gun lathes and accompanying crane to be removed from the South Boston Iron Works to the Watervliet Arsenal.
Production of pig iron and steel in the first half of 1887.
No. 26, July 27. Three valuable statistical iron and steel tables.
No. 27, August 3 and 10. The iron industry of the Basque Provinces. Relation of the iron industry of the South to that of the country at large.
No. 28, August 17. Prices of iron and steel from 1885 to 1887.
Giving a table of the monthly range of prices for the eight leading products from January, 1885 to August, 1887, averaged from weekly quotations.
No. 29, August 24. Important financial operations in the new Northwestern iron ore fields.
A description of the large companies formed for the purpose of mining the new Northwestern ore fields.
No. 30, August 31. The Bethlehem gun and armor contracts.
An explanation of the report that foreign aid has been sought by the Bethlehem Iron Co. in its fulfillment of the contract to furnish guns and armor for the Government.
No. 31, September 7. Sketch of the late Alfred Krupp.
A translation by Joseph Wharton of an obituary article in the August number of the Stahl und Eisett.
No. 33, September 21. Iron and steel imports for July and August.
A summary in tabular form of the imports of iron and steel into the United States from all countries.
No. 35, October 5. An electrical street car.
An electrical motor applied to a street car has been successfully tested in Philadelphia. The storage batteries are placed under the seat in one corner of the car, and are said to be able to run the car for four hours. The power thus obtained is said to be cheaper than either horse or cable power.
No. 36, October 12. Our iron and steel imports in August.
Tabulated from the monthly summary of the Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department.
No. 38, October 26. Importing a million tons of British iron and steel in nine months.
The import of steel rails amounted alone to 135,621 tons; of pig iron, 331,326 tons; of unwrought steel to 183,210 tons. The exports of iron and steel from Great Britain to all countries, from the first of the year to October 1, amounted to 3,104,131 tons. C. K. M.
COMPTE RENDU DES TRAVAUX DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DES INGÉNIEURS CIVILS.
January, 1887.
This number contains a very interesting paper, by M. Cabanallas, on the application of electricity to the transportation and distribution of energy; also, an exhaustive mathematical study of the efficiency of various forms of dynamos and the special advantages of each for different purposes. The conclusions to be drawn from this paper point to a steady advancement in the advantages to be gained by the employment of electricity as a mode of transmission of energy, and to an increase in the degree of excellence of machines for its production. As its advantages are made more apparent, the forms of motors needed for reconversion of electrical energy into mechanical work will become more numerous, causing an increasing field for the inventor during the next few years, and stimulating to activity and perfection the companies now in the market.
June, 1887.
Under the Notes in this number a new method for the production of sodium is described. It has been employed advantageously by a company formed in London, and promises to make it possible to separate this metal from its carbonates by a comparatively cheap process. The price will, it is said, become about 25 cents a pound. With the reduced price of sodium it will be possible to procure both aluminium and magnesium at very much lower rates, causing thereby a diminution in the cost of Mitis steel. S. M.
ENGINEER.
June 3, 1887. The submarine torpedo boat Nordenfeldt.
Account of trial on 26th May of the fourth and largest submarine boat built by Nordenfeldt. She is 125 feet long, and when immersed displaces 245 tons. I. H. P. 1200.
June io. The Italian cruiser Dogali.
Length over all, 267 feet; length between perpendiculars, 250 feet; breadth moulded, 37 feet; depth moulded, 20 feet 6 inches; draught of water forward, 13 feet; draught of water aft, 16 feet; draught of water, mean. 14 feet 6 inches; displacement, 2050 tons; indicated horse power, natural draught, 5000; forced draught, 7700; speed, forced draught, 19.66 knots. Armament, six 6-inch breech-loading guns on centre pivot, Vavasseur mountings; nine 6-pounder rapid-fire guns on recoil carriages; six Gardner guns; one bow torpedo gun, fixed; one stern torpedo gun, training; two broadside training torpedo guns.
The vessel has twin screws, each propeller being driven by a triple expansion horizontal direct-acting engine. Storage is provided for 500 tons of coal, which would serve at maximum speed for a run of about sixty hours or 1100 knots, or at half speed for about twenty days or 4500 knots. The vessel is rigged with two military masts, with light fore and alt sails. The tops are arranged as revolving towers, completely hiding the gunners. Each top carries one Gatling gun. The whole length of the hold of the vessel from stem to stern is protected by a steel deck of a minimum thickness of 1 inch and a maximum of 2 inches. The vessel carries two search lights of 20,000 candle power, and a complete outfit of internal lighting. This vessel is the first war ship fitted with triple expansion engines. Diameter of cylinders 30, 45, and 73 inches; stroke, 2 feet 9 inches. Marshall’s valve gear. Propeller three bladed. Independent pumps. Condensers of brass. There are four boilers, each with six furnaces. Blower, driven by Brotherhood engines. Engines in separate water-tight engine rooms, with doors moving horizontally, worked from deck. The boilers are in two water-tight stoke holes. On trial the engines worked well at 155 revolutions, 7600 I. H. P., and speed 19.66 knots.
June 24. The Nordenfeldt submarine boat at Constantinople.
On the 7th June No. 2 boat was tried for five hours at Constantinople, steaming at surface and below, running for two hours of the time on steam stored in the reserve boiler and had 90 pounds pressure at conclusion, so that she could have gone on longer.
August 5. The engines of the Dogali (Italian cruiser). Illustrated.
August 12. H. M. S. Trafalgar (illustrated). Ludborg’s Ship Section (illustrated).
BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTES.
701
August 19. The management of marine boilers: editorial.
In the English merchant marine great difficulty is found in preventing rapid corrosion of boilers. In the Navy this is obviated by using open tanks to collect the feed water and allow all air to escape. The feed pump is arranged to pump only “solid ” water, and care is taken when suspending zinc plates in the boiler to secure perfect metallic connection.
An improved water gauge float.
August 26. The use of petroleum fuel. Marine engines from a shipowner’s point of view. Petroleum refuse as a fuel: editorial. Cost of transmission of power by electricity, water pressure, compressed air, and ropes.
September 2. Steel faced armor; trials in Russia (illustrated).
September 9. Experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat on a large scale.
The result showed that the mechanical equivalent of heat is 769 instead of 772, as found by Joule. The difference is ascribed to the fact that in the apparatus used all losses of heat were prevented, no losses had to be calculated, and the specific heat of the apparatus did not enter into calculation, as it was kept at a practically normal temperature throughout. W. F. W.
ENGINEERING.
July 1, 1887. The “Brennan” torpedo (concluded). Hydropneumatic disappearing gun carriages at the Newcastle Exhibition. Defects in the designs of war ships.
July 15.
H.M. S. Undaunted, a belted cruiser, recently had a four hours’ forced draught trial loaded down to the water line. Draught forward 20 feet, aft 22 feet; total I. H. P. developed 8602. Speed on measured mile 19.4 knots, the highest yet attained by any English heavily armed ship of war.
The Board of Admiralty are of opinion that the dockyards should build the great bulk of the ships required for the Navy, and this year, out of thirteen ships required, eleven will be so built.
The Spanish torpedo boat Ariete, on trial, steamed a short time at the rate of 26 knots. A peculiar feature is the “pipe” boiler, a development of the Herreshoff boiler, and considered by the designer, Mr. Thornycroft, an improvement.
July 22. The Impérieuse.
The general conclusion derived from an experimental cruise was that the ship was a successful war ship, but would be improved by removing her masts entirely.
Dr. Gustaf de Laval’s new submarine boat. Thornycroft’s water-tube boiler (used on the Spanish boat Ariete).
July 29. Progress and development of the marine engine.
August 5. Progress and development of the marine engine. Abstract from paper read before the Institution of Naval Architects.
August 12. Progress and development of the marine engine: discussion.
August 19. The engines of the Nicolas I. Illustrated.
Triple expansion engines arranged so that the L. P. cylinder is easily thrown out of use when working at reduced power.
August 26. Liquid fuel for locomotives: editorial.
September 2.
A twin-screw steel torpedo gunboat named the Grasshopper, and of 450 tons displacement, has been launched. She will have engines of 3000 I. H. P., speed 19 knots, and carry one 4-inch steel B. L. and six 3-pounder rapid-fire guns, and three torpedo tubes.
September 23.
From experiments made in Portsmouth Dockyard on the variation in the resistance of metals with an increase in temperature, it appears that the strength of iron increases uniformly up to 500° F., but the ductility diminishes up to about 300° F., after which it increases again till a somewhat-higher temperature is reached, and thence remains nearly constant up to a temperature of 500° F. Steel tested in a similar way showed no deterioration in strength up to the highest temperature named, but at this point its ductility was diminished one half.
H. M. S. Trafalgar.
The Trafalgar was launched at Portsmouth, and is the last great armor-clad which it is proposed to build. She is the largest and most formidable battleship ever constructed in this country (England), and is larger than either the Admiral Baudin or the Formidable of France, although inferior in displacement to some of the armor-clads of Italy. She may be said to represent the most perfect protection by means of armor against the power of a gun at a time when it is seriously contemplated to abandon armor. The following are some particulars: Length, 345 feet; breadth, 73 feet; mean draught, 27 feet 6 inches; displacement, 12,000 tons; thickness of armor at water line, 14 inches and 20 inches (steel faced); thickness of armor on turrets, 18 inches (steel faced); height of armor above water, n feet; engine power, 10,500 I. H. P.; speed, 16.5 knots; bunker capacity, 900 tons; principal armament, four 67-ton B. L. K.; weight of projectile, 1250 pounds; weight of charge, 630 pounds; cost of hull and machinery, £800,000. Hydraulic power is used for working the large guns and many of the auxiliary engines. The ship can steam 5500 knots at 10 knots per hour, or 1050 knots at 16½ knots per hour.
Armored ships. Interesting letter from Sir E. J. Reed.
September 30. Steam pipe explosion on board the S. S. Elbe.
W. F. W.
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES.
July. The use of pairs of circumpolar stars for finding the true meridian.
An article describing a method available on land for finding the true meridian when the time is not accurately known.
Weights and measures.
A report of a committee of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, with a discussion showing progress in the extension of the metric system, and pointing out means to secure its adoption in the United States. H. S. K.
JOURNAL DU MATELOT.
October 15, 1887. Turn-abouts and vidette boats.
October 22. Several experiences in using oil in storms: the passenger steamers Abd-el-Kader in the harbor of Sfax, and the Manoubia in the roads of Mostaganem. D. H. M.
JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE.
Volume CXXIV., No. 739. The use of oil for stilling waves: with a description of a new oil distributor for the use of mariners.
This distributor, which is the invention of T. F. Townsend, Philadelphia, consists of a hollow metal globe, ten inches in diameter, with a capacity of one and a half gallons. It has an air chamber to float it in an upright position, and two valves to regulate the flow of the contents.
No. 740. A simplification of the new weather signal code. The reaction of a liquid jet.
No. 741. On anemometers.
No. 742. Improvement of tidal rivers. Was Philip Reis the inventor of the articulating telephone? Pyro-magnetic motors and generators of electricity.
At a recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Mr. Thomas A. Edison called the attention of the public to a very ingenious device, by means of which he has been able to convert the heat of coal or gas into electric currents by means of magnetism. The machine consists of a core of soft iron made of sheet metal, having a thickness of .002 of an inch, and rolled so as to permit hot gases to pass between the sheets. This core is surrounded by a coil of wire, and while the core is in a strong magnetic field it is alternately heated and cooled, thus inducing currents in the coil. It is found, however, that the rapid oxidation and disintegration of the thin metal presents a serious difficulty.
No. 743. Improvement of the port of Philadelphia. Description of an improved triple-expansion engine. J. H. G.
JOURNAL OF THE MILITARY SERVICE INSTITUTION.
June, 1887.
Lieutenant E. L. Zalinski contributes a very interesting and instructive article on the pneumatic dynamite torpedo gun, under the following heads: (1) Evolution and development of the machine. (2) Accuracy of fire. (3) Use for coast defense. (4) Counter-mining. (5) Use against torpedo boats, dirigible torpedoes, and submarine boats. (6) Use as an adjunct when ships attempt ramming. (7) Torpedo rams. J. H G.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION.
Volume XXXI., No. 140. Accuracy of artillery fire. Alterations lately made in H. M. S. Ajax, illustrating the truthfulness of the results obtained by experiments on her model in the tank at Torquay. Coaling ships of war at sea. The interior economy of a modern fleet.
THE RAILROAD AND ENGINEERING JOURNAL.
August, 1887. Quadruple-expansion marine engines. High pressure marine boilers. The new naval vessels. Hydro-pneumatic disappearing gun carriage.
Sir W. G. Armstrong, Mitchell & Co., Elswick, England, are the makers of anew disappearing gun carriage. The recoil is utilized for compressing air in a chamber of the recoil cylinder, by means of water or other fluid which is forced from the outer chamber through a valve into the air chamber. At the same time the movement of the piston in the cylinder is communicated, by means of a crosshead, to a pair of elevating levers, in the upper ends of which the gun trunnions are carried, the lower ends being connected to the gun carriage. After loading, the compressed air is utilized for raising the gun.
September. The new war ships. The English naval review. Fighting ships. The new yacht Volunteer.
October. The increase of the American navy. Engravings of the English ironclad Trafalgar, and of the English 67-ton gun.
November. Lieutenant Bradley A. Fiske, U. S. N., contributes a continued article, “How Electricity is Made.” J. H. G.
MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. Vol. XC., 1886-1887. Part IV.
Selected papers No. 218.
The Use of Cast Steel in Locomotive Engines, by John Alfred Hill, Wh. Sc. Stud. C. E., gives the details for which cast steel can be conveniently and economically applied in the construction of locomotives, together with tables (I.) showing how the strength of steel castings is affected by their chemical composition, (II.) the effect of annealing, and (III.) the result obtained from testing six specimens, two being cast steel, two forged steel, and two forged iron.
Selected paper No. 227.
Platt and Hayward, on Strength of Iron and Steel, give experiments on the strength of iron and steel in shear and torsion.
Foreign abstracts: A volumetric method of estimating the carbon in iron, by J. Wiborgh.
The novelty of this process consists in the direct measurement of the carbonic acid produced from the oxidation of the carbon in the sample under investigation, instead of weighing it as potassium carbonate, as is usually done.
Electric time signalling on the German coast, by Prof. Dr. W. Forster.
MITTHEILUNGEN AUS DEM GEBIETE DES SEEWESENS.
Vol. XV., Nos. VII. and VIII. Night attacks by torpedo boats, by Captain A. v. Becker. Use of hyperbolic functions in navigation, by Prof. E. Gelcich. Episodes from the history of maritime wars. Corrosion of iron and steel ships, and their protection against it (Institution of Naval Architects). French regulations for preserving auto-mobile torpedoes. Minor notes from foreign periodicals.
No. IX. Photographic determination of the disturbance of air produced by shot* by Prof. P. Salcher. Parson turbo-electricity generator (from Engineering). Use of submarine boats in war. The latest mechanical methods for drawing stability curves of vessels. Notes from foreign magazines.
No. X. Progress in the development of the marine steam engine (from English articles). Experiments for finding the relative conductivity of boiler deposits, by M. Burstyn. The gunboat as a factor in coast defense, by Admiral Sir Geo. Elliot. Notes from foreign magazines. E. H. C. L.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION.
May, 1887. Artillery fired from railway wagons.
Details of experiments with 40-pounder B. L. R. on railroad trucks or Indian metre-gauge road.
June. Remarks on high-angle and direct fire from coast batteries, by Col. G. A. Crawford, late R. A.
“I think we may conclude that to fire high-angle shells at a modern ironclad will be a thorough waste of ammunition, as well as a waste of personnel in employing gunners to man them in our coast batteries. On the other hand, if ships of war attacking earth forts were armed with a complement of howitzers, their high-angle fire against elevated forts would be very annoying and disturbing both to the forts and to the gun detachments; in fact, it is the only sort of artillery fire that could touch the fort. Howitzers therefore might be suitable weapons for our ships.”
Direct fire.
“The proper weapons for our modern coast batteries are: guns, heavy, medium, quick-firing and machine guns, and the projectiles to be fired from them are: armor-piercing, shrapnel and case; the proportion being—65 per cent armor-piercing, 20 per cent shrapnel, 15 per cent case. Since the introduction of our new B. L. guns, the range for piercing armor has increased to 4000 yards, and even longer when firing at thinly clad ships; and the scattered gun system, with guns mounted at elevations of two, three, four, or even five hundred feet above the sea, gives the fort numerous advantages both in attack and defense. The ship becomes much longer under fire. A concentrated fire can be brought to bear on it. A deck fire from elevated sites is obtained. And for defense, the greater the altitude of the fort the safer it is from a ship’s fire.
“In harbor defense, we may safely conclude that an enemy’s ship will not attempt to anchor, so that the target we shall have to fire at will always be a moving target. I have come to the conclusion that with well trained gunners it is as easy to hit a ship in motion as a ship at anchor.”
Partial details of the experiments and practice at high-angle and direct firing, on which these conclusions are based, are given.
The French troops in Algeria, by Captain E. Lambart, R. A.
From this a few good hints in regard to the physical training of soldiers might be obtained. Of no interest to naval reader.
A machine gun battery in Burma, by Captain W. N. Lloyd, R. A.
Gives an interesting description of the method of mounting and transporting the Gardner gun through the jungles of Burma.
July. Quick-firing guns.
Gives details of experiments and results obtained with guns of the Hotchkiss and Nordenfelt systems in England, France, and Italy.
August. Letters on artillery.
Gives summary of preceding letters. F. A. W.
September. Journal des Sciences Militaires, translated by Captain W. P. Thring, R. A.
Treats of artillery before the battle: I. Marches in time of war; II. Instruction and training; and III. Artillery horses.
More notes on fire of artillery above infantry, by Captain E. J. Garnet, R. A. C. R. M.
REVUE D’ARTILLERIE.
October, 1887. On the choice of the point blank. Rules for the manoeuvres of the Austrian artillery. Experiments with small arms in Sweden from 1884 to 1886. The Maxim automatic mitrailleuse. Various items:—Germany—Bridge building by cavalry. England— Resume of guns injured in practice; Military velocipedes. Russia— Formation of a battalion school for non-commissioned officers; The canal of P6r6kop. Book notice: Further investigations regarding wire-gun construction, giving several problems from the work of I. A. Longridge. D. H. M.
REVUE DU CEltCLE MILITAIRE.
July 10, 1887. Experiments with topedoes and torpedo boats at Portsmouth, England.
July 17. The action of infantry fire on field of battle. The German soldier judged by a Spanish diplomat.
July 24. Continuation of paper on infantry fire.
July 31. Continuation of same paper.
August 7. Conclusion of same paper. The Staff Academy of Russia.
August 21. New regulations for field service in the German army. September 4. Night operations (army).
September 11. The defenses of Holland.
September 25. The manoeuvres of the German fleet in the bay of Eckernforde and at Wilhelmshaven. The new Chinese squadron.
October 2. Attack on intrenchnents, these being preceded by accessory defenses. The electric light in time of war (army). The Meteor, Austrian torpedo-boat destroyer (contre-torpilleur).
October 9. Attack on intrenchments (end of article). Military chronicle:—Germany—Cruising corvette Ersatz Ariadne, and rapid-fire cannon. England—Launch of the Trafalgar. Mitrailleuse for the cavalry.
October 16. In regard to fire with repeating arms. Torpedo boats of the Italian navy. Military chronicle:—Actual state of the question of torpedo boats in different countries. D. H. M.
REVUE MARITIME ET COLONIALE.
July, 1887. Austrian expedition to Jan-Mayen Island. The dromoscope. The use of oil at sea. The Legion of Honor. Navigation in times of fog. The Italian cruiser Dogali. Recent attacks, against the Resistance, with torpedoes. The submarine torpedo boat Nordenfelt. A new Chinese torpedo boat.
August. The gyroscope-collimator (continued from December, 1886). New system for the projection of the sphere; generalization of Mercator’s projection. Voyage from Noumea to Brest. The employment of the syren, with a system of echoers. The cinmo-metre or speed indicator. Chronicle—Naval review at Spithead; Raising the Resistance; “Bellite,” a new explosive; Trial of a submarine torpedo boat at Constantinople; The most recent sea-going torpedo boat; The Ariete, Spanish torpedo boat; Instantaneous photographing for use on men-of-war; The routes by way of the Cape of Good Hope and by the Suez Canal compared.
September. Study of combined operations of fleets and armies (continued from June, 1887). A voyage in Senegambia. Historical studies on the French navy. Chronicle—Simulated attacks against English ports; The naval review at Spithead; The Imp6rieuse and Warspite; The composite sloop Nymphe; New United States ships of war; A swift yacht; The Russian ironclad Alexander II.; The English torpedo boat No. 80; The Brennan torpedo.
October. The naval apprentice battalion of L’Orient. History of the French navy. Combined operations of armies and fleets. Voyage in Senegambia. Two years in Tonquin. Chronicle—The English naval manoeuvres as reported upon by the judges; Reforms in the English Admiralty; The Italian naval manoeuvres; The Spanish torpedo boat Rayo. D. H. M.
TRANSACTIONS OK THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.
Volume VIII., 1887. Formulae and tables for calculating the effect of the reciprocating parts of high-speed engines, by Geo. I. Alden. Casting aluminum bronze and other strong metals, by Thos. D. West.
A valuable addendum to the remarks of this author on “Aluminum Bronze for Heavy Guns,” published in the present number of our Proceedings.
Should a piston packing ring be of the same thickness at every point? by L. H. Rutherford and F. R. Hutton. Notes for discussion in relation to the development of the compound engine, and the probable limit of steam pressure in marine engines and boilers, by Chas. E. Emery. Notes for discussion on cylinder condensation, and the reduction of the same by the use of the compound engine, by Chas. E. Emery. What are the needs of our Navy ? by Ramsay H. Ashton. Our coast defense, its cost, and its mechanical problems, by Joseph Morgan, Jr.
Reviewed at length in the Professional Notes of the present number of our Proceedings.
Steam and power; the commercial determination of its cost, by Henry R. Towne. C. R. M.
UNITED SERVICE GAZETTE.
July 2, 1887. An article on navy guns.
July 9. P. 547: Description of the Undaunted.
July 16. P. 566: Trial trip of the Undaunted.
July 23. Quick’s breechloading ordnance.
August 6. Spanish torpedo boat Ariete; also Thornycroft’s water tube boiler, giving plans of boat and boiler.
August 13. Admiral Sir George Elliot on English coast defenses.
August 27. Bland’s patent diamond sight.
September 3. The electric lighthouse on the Isle of May, drawings and description.
September 17. Firing with the “fixed sight” (practical hints by a well known expert). Australian naval defense.
September 24. Reorganization of English War Office. Electric lighting of barracks. Launch and description of Trafalgar.
October 8. The rifles of modern armies.
October 15. Trial of the new Spanish war ship Reina Regente on the Clyde. The Gioto, a new torpedo cruiser for the Italian navy. Steam trials of the English vessels Australia and Forth.
October 22. Indirect musketry firing. The Meteor, the fastest torpedo cruiser afloat, constructed by Schichau at Elbing, for the Austrian navy; speed, 23.1 knots per hour. D. H. M.
LE YACHT.
July 9, 1887. P. 254: Triple expansion engines.
July 16. P. 259: Proof trial of an armor target, being a section of the armor intended for the Iver-Hvitfelt of the Danish navy.
P. 262: View of English torpedo boat Fearless. Accidents to the boilers of English torpedo boat No. 47.
July 23. P. 267: The defects of torpedo boats. P. 269: The manoeuvres of the French squadron. The cruising torpedo boat Faucon. P. 271: An article on the English navy by E. Weyl. P. 272: Plans and description of Brennan’s movable torpedo.
P. 273: View of Italian cruiser Dogali.
July 30. P. 285: Plan and description of apparatus for throwing oil on water during a storm.
August 6. P. 298: The Spanish navy.
August 13. P. 306: The Spanish navy (continued).
August 20. P. 311: Modifications to the rules of the road—to prevent collisions. P. 316: An experiment on the application of electricity for moving steamers. Transportation of a torpedo boat by rail—views of boat and carriages.
August 27. P. 323: The Spanish navy (concluded).
September 10. P. 340: Plan and description of the Trafalgar. P. 342: View and description of German gunboat Eber.
September 17. P. 349: Plans of Spanish torpedo boat Ariete (to go with article in Le Yacht of August 13, 1887). P. 348: Two letters on means of preventing collisions in fog.
September 24. P. 355: The subject of collisions considered by E. Weyl. P. 357: Projects for protected cruisers of the 1st and 2d class in France.
October 1. P. 365: Navigating in time of fog.
October 15. P. 383: The personnel of the French reserve. P. 389: Picture of the English cruiser Mersey.
October 22. P. 396: The currents among the Channel Islands (French). D. H. M.
REVIEWERS AND TRANSLATORS
Lieut. E. H. C. Leutze, U. S. N.
Lieut. D. H. Mahan, U. S. N.
Lieut. C. R. Miles, U. S. N.
Lieut. F. A. Wilner, U. S. N.
P. A. Engr. W. F. Worthington, U. S. N.,
Ensign J. H. Glennon, U. S. N.
Ensign H. S. Knapp, U. S. N.
Ensign J. H. Gibbons, U. S. N.
Ensign Stokeley Morgan, U. S. N.
Prof. Jules Leroux, U. S. N. A.
* This article being such a valuable addition to the literature of ordnance, a full translation of it will be published in the next number of our Proceedings.