Righting the Rules of Engagement

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May 1989
Flak over Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941

Friend or Foe?

In combat, there are two types of aircraft: friend and foe. Rules of engagement may provide definitions of friend and foe, but the question that operators must answer is how ...

Rear Admiral Edward W. Carter III, U. S. Navy (Retired)
May 1989
XO of the USS Vincennes (CG-49) tracking Iranian Boghammers.

The Vincennes Incident

On 3 July 1988, the guided-missile cruiser Vincennes (CG-49) shot down Iran Air Flight 655, killing all 290 passengers and crew.

Norman Friedman
May 1989
Map of Operation Praying Mantis

The Air View: Operation Praying Mantis

Two aviators involved in the 18 April 1988 retaliatory action against the Iran provide some lessons learned for the next test of U. S. naval capability.

May 1989
Samuel B. Roberts

Gulf Ops

The Gulf boiled in April and simmered in July 1988 before an August cease-fire cooled the waters.

Ronald O'Rourke
May 1989