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Now literally named the Ex-U 1, Germany’s air-independent propulsion systems trials submarine was refitted at Howaldtswerke, Kiel, during 1987 to conduct trials with °xy gen/hy dr ogen fuel-cell closed- cycle propulsion. Six cells produced a total of 150 kilowatts for battery charging. The equipment was removed in May 1990, and the submarine was stricken from the Rundesmarine in November of that year. She was then loaned to Thyssen Nordseewerke for further propulsion trials with a 250 kilowatt Cosworth elosed-cycle diesel system employing
an MTU 8V183 diesel generator, an exhaust absorber, and a water management system within the new section inserted forward of the sail. 1 he civilian-crewed Ex-U 1, now painted aquamarine with an orange top to the sail, was relaunched on 13 November 1992 and conducted her first submerged engine trials in March 1993. Four newly ordered Bundesmarine Type 212 submarines will use a more powerful variant ot the fuel-cell air-independent propulsion system; Sweden’s three Gotland- class boats will have Stirling-cycle air-independent auxiliary propulsion.
Pictured right is the new Royal Fleet Auxiliary replenishment ship Fort Victoria, a 32,550-tonner that was to have been the first of a six-ship class—now reduced to two. The original defensive weapons suite was to have incorporated Sea Wolf vertically launched surface-to-air missiles, hut the installations were omitted to save money on the Fort Victoria and the Fort St. George, which already "'ere over budget and far behind schedule. In place of the elaborate Port class, the Royal Navy now is Planning to order less sophisticated vessels to replace the three Olwen- dass, 36,000-ton oilers in service since the mid-1960s.
Seen departing Portsmouth, England, for Portugal on 6 April 1993, the former Royal Fleet Auxiliary oiler Blue Rover still sported her original name and pennant number. Now renamed Berrio, the 11,522-ton ship has replaced the smaller steam-powered Sao Gabriel as the Portuguese Navy’s sole underway replenishment vessel. Indonesia purchased a sister to the Berrio from the United Kingdom, and others of the relatively new class are going on the block as