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Comment and Discussion

ENTER THE FORUM We welcome brief comments on material published in the Proceedings and also brief discussion items on topics of naval, mari­time, or military interest for possible publi­cation on these pages. A primary purpose of the Proceedings is to provide a place where ideas of importance to the Sea Services can be exchanged. The Institute pays an honorarium to the author of each comment or discussion item published in the Proceedings.

Contents:

For Desert Storm Warriors: Write—22

Evil FitReps—22

U.S. Naval Academy Focus—22

Coast Guard Long Range Rescue Capability—28

Life After Desert Storm—29

He Only Won Once—31

New Meaning to Free Speech—31

Editorial Board Chairman’s Address—31

Still Serving—31

The Admirable Servant, Occasionally Obsequious—31

Will Hussein Use Gas?—32

Add the Combat “V”—32

Desert Shield—The Forces—32

Two Seats—Until Now—34

Postcard From Saudi Arabia—36

Letter From Saudi Arabia—36

Homecoming From The Storm—36

For the Desert Storm Warriors: Write

Captain Terry L. Bruning, U.S. Army Reserve—As one of the “other” two- thirds of Reservists who did not get called to arms during the Gulf war, I have two things to say to those gallant men and women, regular and reserve, who did serve. First, well done. You have brought honor to yourselves, your services, and your nation. I have never felt so proud to wear the uniform of my country as I do right now.

Second, and most important: Write.

Tell us what you did. We need anec­dotes, essays, papers, studies, and books from the men and women who moved the people and equipment; planned the oper­ations; and shouldered their rifles, but­toned their blouses, and took the high ground.

We need books written from the story­telling point of view to treatises on les­sons learned, from the private to the gen­eral, from the seaman recruit to the admiral. We need to hear from the ser­geant who led out in his Ml or M60 tank, from the battalion commander who led his men from deployment to the final capitulation of the enemy, and from the amphibious task force commander and commander landing force who discom- bobulated the enemy on the flank. And someone has to write the sequel to Flight of the Intruder (Naval Institute Press, 1986). We need to hear from the planners and the pilots of a masterful air cam­paign, and from the architects and execu­tioners of a maneuver-oriented ground battle that will be studied for years to come.

As one who may be there next time, I salute you. And I hope you’ll tell me how you did it.

“Evil FitReps”

(See J. L. Byron, p. 90, December 1990; B. J. O'Donnell, pp. 20-21, March 1991; M. S. Danley, p. 26, April 1991 Proceedings)

Commander Paul J. Ryan, U.S. Navy, Commanding Officer USS Philadelphia (SSN-690)—Captain Byron hit the nail on the head. Midshipmen at the Naval

Academy are taught the Honor Concept, which says a midshipman will not lie, cheat, or steal. We expect these same standards to be upheld in the officer corps. One of the core values of our pro­fession is integrity. I have seen officer and enlisted personnel removed for not telling the truth, yet we consistently lie on officer fitness reports and enlisted per­formance evaluations. Every two or three years the issue of shortcomings of the fit­ness report system, from leadership and management perspectives, arises. Maybe if we look at lying on fitness reports as an integrity issue, it might get more atten­tion.

I remember my early fitrep counseling sessions. I’d read the glowing words, slowly rise up to Cloud Nine, and then nosedive when the captain said “Now let me tell you what we didn’t write in your fitrep ...” Now that I’m the captain, I agonize over how I can honestly call all my officers top one-percenters and rec­ommend each one of them for early pro­motion—just so I won't hurt their com­petitiveness with their peers on other ships and in other warfare specialties. It’s not fair to the true top performers, be­cause there’s no way to make their fitreps stand out. Too much depends on the writ­ing skills of the reporting senior. The sys­tem isn't fair to the average or marginal performer either, because if he’s not counseled, or doesn’t know how to read between the lines, he may get a false sense of accomplishment.

We should counsel our people hon­estly, and devise a system so that the really good people rise to the top, the average performers know where they stand, and the marginal performers are given due notice that if they don’t im­prove, their time with the organization will be limited. It’s time to be honest with our people, honest with ourselves, and honest with the system.

“U.S. Naval Academy Focus”

[See pp. 43-58, February 1991 Proceedings)

Lieutenant Colonel Merrill L. Bartlett, U.S. Marine Corps (Retired)—The thoughtful essays and commentaries on

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AND THE TRIDENT II strategic deter­rence was eloquently made nearly two centuries ago.

It was 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte stared with frus­tration across the English Channel toward his nemesis. Behind him was the invincible Grande Armee, nearly

1. crack veterans, all straining at the leash to crush the hated British.

Everything was ready for the invasion; men, weap­ons, horses, transport, even field bakeries and ambu­lances. Every detail had been meticulously planned. It was merely a matter of crossing the twenty-eight

Napoleon at Boulogne, 1804, Maurice Orange, 1901, Museedel'Armee, Paris

miles of water on a single night's voyage.

Yet for month after month Napoleon paced the beach at Boulogne, hesitating to act. Doubt haunted him. Finally, after over a year of delay, he suddenly turned his huge army around to attack more acces­sible prey, the Austrians. The plan to invade England Was laid aside forever

The thing that had stopped the great conqueror at the height of his career was the Royal Navy Britain’s ‘wall of oak.” Out of sight, just over the horizon, the British men-of-war were nevertheless always foremost in Napoleon’s doubts. And though the French fleet outnumbered the British, Bonaparte dared not test it.

Such is the nature of deterrence; that the true effec­tiveness of a strategic system is in the mind of the enemy. And that axiom is truer than ever today.

Last year marked the 30th anniversary of the de­ployment of our own “wall of oak!’ the Fleet Ballistic Missile Weapon System, soon to be enhanced by the improved performance of Trident II missiles.

Poised under the sea, the Trident ll’s awesome retaliatory strength will present an unsolvable problem in the mind of an aggressor calculating his chances of a successful first strike. He may rant and rave. He may, like Napoleon, turn on someone more vulnerable. But he will never fly in the face of certain destruction.

Two-thirds of the earth is covered by Electric Boat.

For ninety years, Electric Boat has dedicated itself to overcoming one obstacle. The 360,000,000 cubic miles that make up the world’s oceans.

That goal has led us to design and build submarines that are more efficient, more cost effective and more capable than ever thought possible.

Today, we’re taking submarine technology even further. Computer-aided design. Automated hull fabrication. Modular construction. Artificial intelligence.

Perhaps that’s why nearly two-thirds of American submarines GENERAL DYNAMICS out there are Electric Boats.                                                                             A Strong Company For A Strong Country

the Naval Academy suggest that, even after more than a century of existence, senior naval officers have yet to reach a consensus on just what the institution should accomplish. Throughout its form­ative years, the curriculum’s emphasis varied between academics and seaman­ship. To the chagrin of some midship­men, sailing on Chesapeake Bay often replaced Saturday afternoon liberty. Oth­ers came to Annapolis expecting to be­come leaders and warriors, not techno­crats or poets. The following doggerel from Fag Ends, a 19th century student publication, suggests that Colonel Fagan marches to the same drummer as mid­shipmen of an earlier era.

Now we’ve had quite enough of the antique ideas Of those chaps who are nothing but sailors;

They were well in their way, but this is the day Of Science, Aesthetics, and Tailors,

Scarce one of all those who with Farragut fought,

Or with Porter who stood fire stout-hearted,

Is versed in Keramics or Thermo-dynamics,

So the day of their use has departed.

If the Department of the Navy sin­cerely believes that the mission of the Naval Academy is to prepare young men and women for the demanding responsi­bilities of leadership in combat, then the emphasis must shift from a curriculum heavy in academics to one that grants professional training more than a per­functory nod. In the process, however, the dominant role that the civilian faculty now enjoys must be eclipsed. The time has come to return control of the aca­demic side of the Academy to the military and, as a result, reestablish an emphasis on the development of leadership and warrior-like qualities. Several steps should be taken to refocus the institution on its raison d’etre.

Selected officers should be retained for longer tours of duty. If the Air Force, for example, can assign a brigadier general as academic dean at the Air Force Acad­emy, surely the Navy could provide a rear admiral (lower half) with a doctoral degree to direct academic affairs at the Naval Academy. Military officers should be assigned as chairmen of the academic departments. The civilian professors should remain, but they should not be in charge. Instead, the civilians in each de­partment should elect one of their peers to be the assistant to the chairman. Simi­larly, each division should elect a civilian to be the assistant to the division director. Most important, control of the hiring- and-promotion system should be put under close scrutiny of the military. Ci­vilian faculty members who are in tune with the goals of the Academy should be sought. Only proven performers, espe­cially in the classroom, should be granted tenure and promotion.

After all, it’s the naval services who

will lose if its future officers arc knee- jerk liberals and poets, instead of war­riors and leaders. Lieutenant General John A. Lejeune (Class of 1888) believed that his Academy experience—especially Plebe Summer—made a leader out of him. In his memoirs, Reminiscences of a Marine (Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1930), he waxed triumphant about meeting every challenge that the Naval academy presented: “It was a hard, rough . . . experience, an experience which the pre­sent-day midshipmen could not possibly

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visualize or comprehend.” Will a future Gabe Lejeune be able to say the same thing about today’s regimen at the U.S. Naval Academy?

Midshipmen First Class Brent W. Goodrutn, U.S. Navy—I would like to correct some misperceptions that readers may have formed about the U.S. Naval Academy after reading Midshipman Gal­loway’s article, which suggests that insti­tutions without a plebe indoctrination system have no effective means of com­petent professional development. This is simply not true. The Academy’s indoctri­nation system introduces plebes to the naval profession and marks the beginning of a naval officer’s lifelong development and training in leadership. The objectives of the plebe indoctrination system are to develop better midshipmen and to de­velop leadership abilities that will be used by graduates in the fleet.

A military hierarchy must be preserved in the professional system at the Naval Academy, but the constant competition to excel professionally also requires leaders to use positive leadership and construc­tive criticism. Since squad leaders are the cornerstone of the midshipmen chain of command, it is imperative that they em­ploy both leadership techniques within their squads. Positive leadership alone will not suffice. Constructive criticism— the “hard right” of leadership—provides plebes fresh guidance for future improve­ment and must be used more often across the board at the academy.

Squad-leader rankings of midshipmen are required twice a semester and are the primary means of professional evaluation of the second- and third-class midship­men. Unfortunately, these evaluations tend to resemble the over-inflated fitness reports found in the fleet. Fourth-class midshipmen receive a lot of professional guidance from the second class, but such evaluation is virtually nonexistent for upperclassmen who need real-time feed­back on their leadership techniques.

Also, it is not uncommon at the acad­emy to document the poor performance of a plebe. However, this stops after plebe year. This inconsistency in holding midshipmen to a uniform performance standard stems from strong loyalties to classmates and the institution. The great­est single fear of midshipmen is separa­tion from the Academy. Thus, midship­men are reluctant to put their classmates in a position that may lead to their separa­tion from the Academy. We are failing ourselves whenever we fail to do the “hard right” by delivering necessary and constructive criticism of our peers. The Naval Academy must implement ways to remove those who are unfit for command of our greatest asset—our nation’s sons and daughters, who have been entrusted to our care. This change must be made and implemented from within the Brigade of Midshipmen. A system relying solely upon the cops-and-robbers mentality of the officer/midshipmen relationship to monitor the implemented change simply will not suffice.

We at the Naval Academy are not fail­ing at the missions of developing better midshipmen and developing leadership that will be used by graduates in the fleet, but we could do much better by imple­menting inevitable changes—rather than resisting them for the sake of tradition.

Midshipman First Class Robert J. Quig­ley, U.S. Navy—Midshipman Gallo­way’s idea of professional development correctly includes such necessities as time-management, prioritization, and memorization. I agree that “keeping plebes busy” forces them to acquire these skills. However, 1 think the changes that reduced the number of non-essential “rates” required of plebes are beneficial. My level of professional development is no higher now because I learned an op­posing football coach’s career record four years ago. Midshipman Galloway also believes that streamlining professional topics “shortchanges” the plebes’ train­ing. Is it realistic to expect a plebe to comprehend data about Soviet missiles and platforms that a surface warfare offi­cer does not learn until Department Head School? A broad introduction to such topics is more appropriate for a plebe’s military indoctrination.

1 cannot subscribe to Midshipman Gal­loway’s belief that “a midshipman’s grades have little or no bearing on perfor­mance as a junior officer.” Grades are an important measurement of one’s effort and one’s ability to determine essential information from the non-essential. To be effective leaders, junior officers must al­ready possess the skills necessary to sift and prioritize when they arrive at their first duty station. As the saying goes, “the way you practice is the way you play.”

Midshipman Galloway fails to realize why such an emphasis on academics ex­ists. Technical courses provide the neces­sary background knowledge to operate the complex systems in today’s Navy, while courses in the humanities stress values that form the moral basis of lead­ership. Knowledge in both areas is re­quired in order to make proper decisions in the fleet.

The plebes almost always have the lowest grades in the brigade, but these grades improve as plebes acquire time- management skills. To state that changes in the plebe indoctrination system are ineffective because some plebes start out with poor grades ignores any potential for future growth. Plebes would not need the guidance of upperclassmen if they were already experts at prioritizing and manag­ing their time.

The changes in the plebe indoctrination system do not reflect a shift in emphasis from professional development to aca­demics, but demonstrates that the two go hand-in-hand. The academic program at the Academy is designed to bolster one’s potential for professional development. The recent changes eliminate some of the needless distractions that obscured this fact in the past.

“Coast Guard Long Range Rescue Capability”

(See J. E. Holbert, pp. 29-33, September 1990 Proceedings)

Lieutenant Commander E. F. Rollins III, U.S. Coast Guard—I am on an exchange tour with the U.S. Air Force as an HC- 130 (tanker) pilot, presently deployed to

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Operation Desert Storm. Our primary mission is the aerial refueling of helicop­ters, to extend their range.

The premise that the Coast Guard should include an air-to-air refueling ca­pability is interesting. It would fill the need that currently exists for a dedicated long-range rescue (LRR) aircraft. The questions are whether the United States wants a dedicated LRR capability, and whether the Coast Guard should be the agency to maintain it. It boils down to a question of national search-and-rescue (SAR) policy.

I believe that the Coast Guard will remain the nation’s premier SAR organi­zation, and that the DoD response time to civilian SAR requests leaves something to be desired, regardless of the platform. The Air Force no longer has long-range rescue aircraft and crews on alert for a timely response.

It is smart to use Coast Guard re­sources to the maximum extent possible. The Coast Guard presently maintains long-range search and medium-range search fixed-wing aircraft, as well as medium-range rescue and short-range rescue helicopters. Air-to-air refueling would improve our SAR coverage, but it would also bring about changes in main­tenance, training, and operations. To my knowledge, the Coast Guard presently has a difficult time meeting some current requirements because of heavy opera­tional commitments and ever-increasing mission demands. Air-to-air refueling would add many new requirements and require additional funding on a recurring basis—not just a one-time cost for instal­lation.

If the Coast Guard needs an LRR capa­bility then I agree with Lieutenant Hol- bert that air-to-air refueling would be the best use of Coast Guard resources. De­spite the additional requirements I believe it should be pursued. The Coast Guard already has HC-130 pilots and helicopter pilots with air-to-air refueling experi­ence.

Life After Desert Storm

Lieutenant Weston B. Richardson, U.S. Navy—With the threat of war against the Soviet Bloc no longer a serious possibil­ity, the conflict with Iraq could not have come at a better time. Like candidates in a race for political office, the U.S. armed services are trying to get the good press and name recognition that will carry them through the next battle—at budget time. The more that a service appears capable of accomplishing, the more bargaining chips it may have when the budget cuts start. We must hope that the situation will be resolved by slicing off the fat, leaving nothing but a flexible, capable, and rap­idly deployable force.

The change in world dynamics has sig­naled the need to reevaluate what is needed to show the flag and influence world events. Possession of a nuclear weapon and the means to deliver it by such a man as Saddam Hussein would create a new era in the Middle East, if not the world. The superpowers have no in­terest in destroying each other—not with the economic and intelligence-gathering possibilities created by glasnost and the reunification of Germany. This shift in world structure should be the signal for the United States to revamp its defense.

The United States has been preparing for the final nuclear conflict with the Soviets since the dawn of the nuclear age. A paranoid strategist would think that this era of better relations is the perfect time for the Soviets to bushwhack the United States and its allies. This hardly seems likely. They have far more to gain through espionage than combat. As such, the shift in our force structure should be toward rapid deployment forces for re­gional or theater conflicts.

Opponents of this shift in our force structure will cite the Iraqi problem; but one has to admit that the Iraqi situation was an anomaly because Iraq had one of the world’s largest armies. No one was willing to admit to the potential for such a conflict. With its resolution, the only major problem left may be the North Koreans, who are working on a settle­ment with the South Koreans. With this exception, any future U.S. intervention will be on a small scale.

This means that the U.S. military needs to be compact and efficient. It should not be a lethargic, corpulent bully who can be aroused only when a conflict reaches a certain protracted scale. Opera­tion Desert Storm showed that those who regularly deploy are better prepared than those who do not.

Hussein fired the starting gun, and the race to the desert began. The Army and the Air Force did their best to arrive quickly and make sure that the world knew it. Their problem, at first, was not grabbing the headlines; it was maintain­ing an illusion that they were ready to wage serious combat.

Influencing public opinion through the press is an age-old game which the Air Force appears to have played quite effec­tively in Desert Storm. It sent a large contingent of fighters to protect the Saudi airspace and to suppress the large number of Iraqi tanks and other ground targets. This looked quite threatening on the

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nightly news, but one wonders whether if in fact it was a smoke screen perpetrated on the viewers, especially on the Iraqis. If so, the Air Force pulled it off.

The Air Force’s long transatlantic flight meant it had to configure aircraft with external tanks to increase their flight range. These fuel tanks took the place of the ordnance that is normally hung on the wing stations. This left them with four options in terms of ordnance upon arrival: to hope that the ordnance was already there, to sit and posture without any ord­nance, to hope that the ordnance they did bring would last until more arrived, or to try to beg for ordnance from the Navy’s carriers. If the conflict had not reached the size and scope that it eventually did, the Air Force’s supply lines would never have caught up with its assets in the field.

In the interest of more coverage, the Air Force sent in the F-117A stealth fighter as a means to combat Iraq’s so­phisticated air defense system. This latest sacred cow has been marginally involved in the conflict because its loss would mean the compromise of copious amounts of classified information. Also, the F-l 17A can be replaced easily in any scenario by a Tomahawk missile; the cost difference between the two is rather large. The B-52, F-111, and A-10 can do the dirty work and cleanse the battlefield of the hazards that would detract from the F-l 17’s performance. It is inconceivable that ultraexpensive airplanes are being constructed when the ancient B-52 is doing all the work.

Support for programs like the stealth fighter depends on the Iraqi conflict. The Iraqi situation is a chance for the Air Force to flex its muscles. A good show­ing in the Middle East may enable it to justify an increase in its budget, keeping alive the B-2 and other programs.

A winnable nuclear war seems to be somewhat of a farce; yet part of the Air Force’s budget is banking on this para­noid delusion, whereas the Navy spends a small fraction on nuclear deterrence and provides nearly two thirds of the war­heads.

The Army unfortunately finds itself in a similar situation as the Air Force. It needs to fight off its image as a victim of bloating because of years of waiting for the big battles on the borders of Europe, Korea, and the United States. The Army managed to get its airborne troops to Saudi Arabia quickly, but the future de­ployment of their forces depended on air­lift availability. Any supply problems were further compounded by the fact that they had to beg the Military Airlift Com­mand for rides. Therefore, they really need an extended conflict to fully prepare for combat. The Army’s airborne units arrived in Saudi Arabia amid much fan­fare, but proved to be too lightly equipped. They had to borrow a large amount of ammunition from the Marines while waiting for their reinforcements to arrive. The Army’s equipment, which worked in Europe, proved to be a bother in the desert.

The Army is depending on the Iraqis to justify its need to remain a large force, as it faces the prospect of some base clos­ings. Its one ace in the hole is the Patriot missile, which has kept the Army in the headlines. The Army will have to adapt to future threats with a reduced force if it is to have any hope for continued pres­ence in national security policy, and not become just a home guard.

The Navy and the Marine Corps have received moderate press coverage. This may be partly a result of their mode of arrival via the seas; they weren’t around when the cameras were rolling. The ex­perience of a deployment was nothing new to them, so no one had that much to

say. They were not dependent on some­one else for logistical support; they ar­rived fully equipped and ready to go. The only bonus the Navy is hoping to score is the need for continued support of the car­rier navy.

Obviously, the Navy does not need any more nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines or attack submarines to con­trol the Soviets or anyone else. The money it saves could be channeled into new carriers. It would also help to defray the glaringly bad publicity from the A-12, which is desperately needed to re­place the aging A-6. The Navy is the flexible arm the U.S. government needs. The Iraqi problem strengthens the Navy’s position as the ready force able to operate autonomously. The successful employ­ment of the Tomahawk missile shows what a force multiplier the naval surface units can be.

After the dust settles in the Middle East, the Navy and Marine Corps may well be seen as the best solution in a cur­tailed defense effort. We must hope the government will realize—sooner or later—that it has to support the most able and multidimensional force, one that re­lies on no other.

“He Only Won Once”

(.See M. Mooradian, p. 91, November 1990;

T. C. Hone, p. 74, January 1991; J. Heeney,

p. 72, February 1991 Proceedings)

Edwin Moise, Professor of History, Clemson University—Those who have been arguing whether one major victory entitles Admiral Yamamoto to be consid­ered a great military leader seem to as­sume that the Pearl Harbor attack was a major naval victory. They are mistaken.

Yamamoto’s goal was to cripple the U.S. Pacific Fleet. He might have ac­complished this by sinking our aircraft carriers, but that required luck. He had to hope they would be in port when his at­tack hit—they were not. He also might have accomplished his goal by destroying the Pacific Fleet’s fuel stocks, but in a remarkable planning failure, he simply did not bother. Instead, he sent his pilots to attack battleships. This killed many brave U.S. sailors, but it left the Pacific Fleet with more battleships than it needed for the upcoming battles of Midway and the Coral Sea.

Yamamoto enraged the United States, without depleting significantly—even for the short term—the naval forces that would sortie from Pearl Harbor looking for revenge. If Yamamoto is to be called a great commander, his claim should not be based on this battle.

“New Meaning to Free Speech”

(See J. A. Barber, p. 7, February 1991 Proceedings)

“Editorial Board Chairman’s Address”

{See H. B. Thorsen, p. 12, June 1990; W. It. Parks, pp. 64-65, July 1990; B. Linder, pp. 16­17, August 1990; R. J. Barrett and R. P.

Hansen, pp. 23-25, September 1990;

W. Brooks and C. D. Conner, pp. 24-28, October 1990; S. J. Tangredi, pp. 23-24, November 1990; M. A. Kirtland, pp. 28-29, December 1990; R. Marshall, p. 24, January 1991 Proceedings)

“Still Serving”

{See R. F. Dunn, p. 46, June 1990; W. H.

Parks, pp. 64-65, July 1990; B. Linder, pp. 16­17, August 1990; R. J. Barrett and R. P.

Hansen, pp. 23-25, September 1990;

W. Brooks and C. D. Conner, pp. 24-28, October 1990; S. J. Tangredi, pp. 23-24, November 1990; M. A. Kirtland, pp. 28-29, December 1990; R. Marshall, p. 24, January 1991 Proceedings)

“The Admirable Servant, Occasionally Obsequious”

{See G. V. Stewart, pp. 46-50, June 1990;

W. H. Parks, pp. 64-65, July 1990; B. Linder, pp. 16-17, August 1990; R. J. Barrett and R. P. Hansen, pp. 23-25, September 1990;

W. Brooks and C. D. Conner, pp. 24-28, October 1990; S. J. Tangredi, pp. 23-24, November 1990; M. A. Kirtland, pp. 28-29, December 1990; R. Marshall, p. 24, January 1991 Proceedings)

Captain S. L. Shippee, U.S. Marine Corps—I am presently deployed to Saudi Arabia in support of Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. I also recently par­ticipated in Operation Eastern Exit, when we evacuated several nations’ ambassa­dors and their staffs from Somalia. Being overseas, I only recently became aware of Public Law 101-280—amending the Ethics Reform Act of 1989—which re­stricts all federal employees from accept­ing payment for writing or speaking.

Over the years, I and many of my col­leagues often sent letters to professional periodicals such as the Marine Corps Gazette and the Naval Institute Proceed­ings. Never has the pittance one gets for being published by either magazine ever been a consideration for writing when compared with the opportunity for shar­ing ideas with other professionals.

But I respectfully submit that the stat­ute, as it is presently written, appears to restrict valid free speech.

Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo charac­terized free speech as “. . .the matrix,

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the indispensable condition of nearly every other form of freedom.”¹

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes also observed, “it is . . .not free thought for those who agree with us, but freedom for the thought that we hate,” that gives the theory some of its enduring value.²

Either way, the idea of free speech seems logically tied to a public forum. Because of its importance, free speech “must be so exercised as not, in attaining a permissible end, unduly infringe the protected freedom.”³

These cases clearly show that the Su­preme Court will require the government to regulate commercial speech in a man­ner that is “not more extensive than nec­essary” to serve a substantial government interest.⁴

Included in this recent legislation, i.e., Public Law 101-280, is a special danger of tolerating “the existence of a penal statute [in that it also codified amend­ments to Title 18, U.S. Code] susceptible of sweeping and improper application.

. . . These freedoms are delicate and vul­nerable, as well as supremely precious in our society. [Accordingly] [t]he threat of sanctions may deter their exercise almost as potently as the actual application of sanctions.”⁵

The first amendment states that “Con­gress shall make no law respecting an es­tablishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press;. . .”⁶

Not being privy to the legislative his­tory regarding this Act, I can only assume that it was meant to curb some real or perceived abuses regarding the accept­ance of honoraria.

But what perhaps it will discourage even more is the willingness of military members (and civil service employees), for fear of all the new restrictions, from writing for professional periodicals. Per­haps an amendment to 5 U.S.C. § 501 could be offered “excluding” or “waiv­ing” contributions to professional publi­cations from this restriction, thereby ob­viating any perception of “restrictive­ness” or “overbreadth.”

Even John N. Sturdivant, president of the American Federation of Government Employees, believes that Congress sim­ply made a mistake by subjecting all fed­eral workers to the restrictions, when its real purpose was “to clean up its own house.”

Even if the legislative purpose is a le­gitimate one of substantial governmental interest, “that purpose cannot be pursued by means that broadly stifle fundamental personal liberties when the end can be more narrowly achieved. The breadth of legislative abridgment must be viewed in the light of less drastic means for achiev­ing the same purpose.”⁷

Perhaps Public Law 101-280 should be viewed more correctly as a penalty for a form of speech protected by the First Amendment.

^lPalko v. Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319, 327, 58 S.Ct. 149, 152, 82 L.Ed 288 (1937).

²United Stales v. Schwimmer, 279 U.S. 644, 654­55, 49 S.Ct. 448, 451, 73 L.Ed. 889 (1929) (dissent­ing opinion).

³Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 304, 60 S.Ct. 900, 903 , 84 L.Ed 1213 (1940).

⁴Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Public Serv. Comm., 447 U.S. 557, 571, 100 S.Ct. 2343, 65 L.Ed. 2d 341 (1980).

^SNAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415, 433, 83 S.Ct. 328, 338, 9 L.Ed. 2d 405 (1963) (footnote omitted). ⁶U.S. Const, amend. 1. (1791).

¹Shelton v. Tucker, 364 U.S. 479, 488, 81 S.Ct. 247, 252, 5 L.Ed. 2d 231 (1960) (footnotes omitted).

“Will Hussein Use Gas?”

(See S. D. Landersman, pp. 84-87, February

1991 Proceedings)

Captain Henry G. Campbell, Jr., U.S. Naval Reserve (Retired)—Fritz Haber did become a Nobel laureate in 1918, in recognition of his direct synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, but his work was in the field of chemis­try, not peace. No Nobel Peace Prize was awarded that year.

Ironically, Haber, who had been direc­tor of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for physical and electrical chemistry in Ber­lin since 1911, was forced out of the di­rectorship in 1933 by the anti-Jewish pol­icy of the Nazi regime, and moved on to a position at the University of Cambridge.

Add the Combat “V”

Captain Harley Skidmore, U.S. Marine Corps—As I sit here in my regiment’s holding area near A1 Mashad, in Northern Saudi Arabia, awaiting our turn to head home, I have been attempting to recog­nize those worthy participants from my unit during Operation Desert Storm. Dur­ing these efforts, I have come to the real­ization that our system for recognizing junior officers and enlisted personnel has been cruelly twisted by a recent decision to keep the combat distinguishing device from being worn on the Navy Achieve­ment medal. This simple act has stripped the most visible sign of a successful ac­complishment in a combat theater from an award that was conceived to recognize the largest number of people in the com­bat zone: junior officers and enlisted per­sonnel. While many might say that if the individual in question had “really done something” then a higher award may be appropriate, I say that is too simple an answer. Heroic actions should have no traffic with grade requirements but com­bat, combat support, and combat service support functions are not always heroic. In fact, a far greater effort is expended supporting combat ops than conducting them. Recognizing this support is always a function of grade.

I am not privy to all the rationale be­hind the decision, but I suggest the fol­lowing to rectify its effects: that all Navy Achievement Medals awarded for Opera­tion Desert Shield/Desert Storm be re­viewed for possible authorization of the combat distinguishing device, based on the recipient’s proximity to combat oper- ations-exactly as it is done for all higher awards. Our Marines and sailors continue to be the most-visible representatives and the best salesmen of our armed forces back in their home towns. Let’s recog­nize their achievements in combat zones properly. It will not cheapen the awards system to do so.

“Desert Shield—The Forces”

(See pp. 83—84, January 1991 Proceedings)

Ensign Susan H. Oxendine, U.S. Navy— On 7 September 1990, my ship, the USS San Jose (AFS-7), deployed two weeks early to support Desert Shield. We made our way to Amphibious Group Two and are currently in the Persian Gulf, support­ing 18 ships in the amphibious task force. I’d like for my ship, and the USS Mars (AFS-1), deployed with Amphibious Group Three, to be included in the list of Desert Shield/Storm Forces.

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“Two Seats—Until Now”

(See R. F. Dunn, p. 13, January 1991; W. C.

Zobel and J. Marshall, pp. 14-19, March 1991;

R. A. Padilla, pp. 14-19, April 1991

Proceedings)

Lieutenant David J. Winkowski, U.S. Navy—The 21st-century fighter pilot will have at his disposal many tools to defeat his adversary: new weapons, new sen­sors, new computers. Admiral Dunn pos­tulates that these technological marvels will protect our pilots and allow them to accomplish their missions without the aid of a radar intercept officer (RIO). I’m sure that the commentary was meant to spur lively debate, so—as the son and brother of two fighter pilots, who has also flown as a RIO—I will contribute my own two cents’ worth.

The commentary argues that present and future technology can provide the pilot with all the needed information to accomplish his mission and return safely to base, and that the additional crew member adds unnecessary size, weight, and cost. Disproving the first argument renders the second one moot.

Admiral Dunn does not define clearly the role of the 21st-century fighter. Budgetary restraints, limited resources, and politics demand that future fighters be multi-mission aircraft, able to operate day and night in any weather. The future fighter must provide fleet air superiority and point defense and strike escort and have the ability to put bombs on target— and conduct reconnaissance, in its spare time. The F-4 Phantom, originally de­signed as an interceptor, met all of these requirements. But to complete these mis­sions successfully in the future’s high- tech environment requires complex sys­tems that must be controlled and moni­tored by someone who is not involved in flying the aircraft at 200 feet and 500 knots at night. On 16 January 1991, some of the first air attacks on Iraq were con­ducted by the F-15E Strike Eagle, the most sophisticated multi-mission aircraft in the world. One wonders if these first strikes would have been as successful— with as few casualties—if we had to rely only on single-seat aircraft.

Fleet air superiority is the mission we have trained for throughout the Cold War. Despite this age of glasnost and perestroika, however, I hope no one as­sumes that a battle group will never have to face massed raids accompanied by jamming, chaff, and fighter escort. Ad­miral Dunn must have seen a radar pic­ture of a stream-raid attack of bombers coming down the tubes. Even with the computer, it is a full-time job to burn through the jamming and get the aircraft to the proper launch point. In the mean­time, the added threat of fighter escort requires someone to keep his eyes search­ing beyond the cockpit.

As a point-defense fighter, nothing can match the single-seat F/A-18 or F-16 for dogfighting capabilities in a one-on-one scenario. In fact, however, we will rarely see a single bogey on a clear day going mano-a-mano, to see who is really the best. The basic tenet of dogfighting is: If you don’t have sight—you die. The guy who cheats and sneaks up on you is going to win. Erich Hartmann stated that most of his 352 kills in World War II never saw him coming. Moreover, better than 60% of initial MiG sightings over Vietnam were made by RIOs. The Airborne Warn­ing and Control System or Hawkeye can usually give you a good idea of how many bogeys are out there, but after the pass they are basically out of the picture. The heads-up display in today’s fighters is excellent but only can report airspeed, altitude, fuel, and weapon selection. It can only help if you are looking forward and not trying to keep track of the bogey behind your wingline. The future display will probably be helmet-mounted to pro­vide more flexibility, but G-loading on these heavier helmets will add to a pilot’s physical stress while he fights his air­craft. Navy fighter pilots are currently adopting the lightweight Air-Force-style helmet—without the visor guard—to gain that extra combat edge.

Computerized voice advisories and warning tones normally provide excellent cues for a pilot, but can sometimes lull him into a false sense of security. On the other hand, “pull up—pull up” screamed from the backseat has saved both lives and computerized machines. Can a computer reliably alert a pilot to the bug smasher that is cutting across his path on final approach into Miramar?

The Navy is desperately searching for a replacement for the venerable A-6, after the recent decision to kill the A-12. Ver­sions of the F-14 and the two-seat Marine Corps F/A-18 are being discussed as al­ternatives. But their computers can only regurgitate what is programmed into them and the moving map displays men­tioned by Admiral Dunn are only accu­rate if fed current information. The human factor must be present to intervene whenever a computer malfunctions or computed terrain features prove to be in­accurate.

Could the success of the first air strikes against Iraq, led by the sophisticated multi-mission F-15E Strike Eagle, have been duplicated by a single-seat aircraft?

The addition of a RIO does add to the size, weight, and cost of an aircraft; nev­ertheless, such factors become secondary to carrying out the mission and bringing the aircrew back alive. If that aircraft is oversophisticated and overpriced—as the admiral states—then so be it.

I am a futurist and believe that we should—and        eventually      will—take

Admiral Dunn’s point one step further, doing away with the pilot and flying the mission with remotely piloted vehicles. Obviously, there is still too much paro­chialism to see this occur in the near fu­ture so we must maintain the best systems available to accomplish the mission— and any of those will require at least two crew members. Until artificial intelli­gence is developed that can always see and counter the surface-to-air threat; that can always navigate through a valley on a moonless night; that can always spot the bogey approaching from under and be­hind; and that can always update and back up a pilot when he’s lost situational awareness, or is battling an aircraft emer­gency, I’m sure that most pilots will wel­come the guy in the backseat.

Behind every advanced weapons system is an equally advanced electrical system. Consider today’s undersea defense technology. The electrical networks that power undersea weapons systems must be precisely engi­neered to meet every mission requirement.

Matching the electrical system to the weapons system is where MagneTek comes in.

MagneTek electrical equipment used by NATO under­sea forces includes: generators, distribution transformer^, propulsion control systems, frequency converters and inverters, mission-specific power supplies, transformer- rectifiers and more. For example, not a single SSN or SSBN leaves port without the security of a MagneTek auxiliary propulsion system.

On the surface, every AEGIS weapons system gets its power from MagneTek frequency converters. Practically every ship in the U.S. fleet incorporates MagneTek trans­formers and motors. And MagneTek fault isolation units are currently being installed on board many Navy vessels.

MagneTek electrical products perform critical power supply functions on advanced land-based weapons sys­tems and combat aircraft as well.

If you are working on a new weapons system, or retrofitting an existing platform, MagneTek can help you deliver the power behind the power.

Contact Magnelek Defense Systems. In the United States: 901 E. Ball Rd., Anaheim, CA 92805, (714) 956-9200, FAX: (714) 956-5397. In Europe:

Zum Panrepel 2,2800 Bremen 45, Federal Republic of Germany, (0421) 48693-0, FAX: (0421) 48693-41.

M

Magnelek

Magnelek means power

solutions for the military

VICTORY USA

Commemorative Belt Buckle

Limited Edition of 5015 pieces/numbered

Available in your choice: Army, Navy, Air Force or Marine

$12.95 each

FREE Catalog of over 100 Desert Storm products This hand-crafted buckle is dedicated to the men, women and supporters of Operation Desert Storm. Each buckle individually serial numbered including date of minting. Please specify your choice: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine. Immediate delivery.

Send to: The Buckle Connection 31518 Anacapa View Malibu, CA 90265

US. and Canada add S2.50 for shipping. CA res. add 6¹/2% sales tax. Visa & MasterCard — include card no. & Exp.

order^rune: 1-800-3 50-9890

MORS ENVIRONNEMENT and

OCEANO INSTRUMENTS

the Environnement Division of Groupe Mors.

MORS, a French group of high-tech electronics companies has acquired Oceano and Suber, featuring:

HYDROACOUSTIC/MARINE

• Acoustic releases, transponders and subsea measurement devices
• Long / Short baseline positioning
• Acoustic telemetry and control
• Integrated surface navigation and data acquisition (dredge, RV, etc.)

OCEANOGRAPHIC / METEOROLOGIC

• VACM, tide gauge, sound velocimeter and other sensors
• Environmental monitoring stations
• Data post processing

...WE'LL FIND YOUR LOST LITTLE PIGGY!

MORS ENVIRONNEMENT-MASSY, FRANCE (1)644719 19 MORS ENVIRONNEMENT-BREST, FRANCE 98 48 8510 OCEANO INSTRUMENTS UK-EDINBURGH 031 -552 0303 OCEANO INSTRUMENTS USA -SEATTLE, WA (206)363-0500

Postcard From Saudi Arabia

Major Dan Hennessy, U.S. Army Reserve—As a 20 year member of the Naval Institute, I’d like to tell you how much more I enjoy reading my is­sues while sitting in the sand here in Saudi Arabia.

My Proceedings are precious and my army buddies are always after me for them. We don’t see many sailors where I am, but this old Marine (Ma­rine Detachment, Constellation [CV-64], 1961-1963) misses the ocean. We’ll be heading north soon to finish this fight as expeditiously as possible.

Letter From Saudi Arabia

Sergeant Peter T. Goetz, U.S. Marine Corps, 2d Anglico: Excerpt from a letter written to his sister on 28 January 1991, from Saudi Arabia, at the Kuwaiti border—Thanks for the prayers. From the way things look, we're all gonna need a few.

I understand how you feel about the war, even if I don’t agree. I guess military men (at least the Goetz military men) are pretty simple in our be­liefs. This is what we do for our living. We’ve sworn an oath to defend our country and to carry out the orders of our President. We fight when and where he tells us to because that’s what we’re all about.

I happen to believe that this is a just cause. 1 know a lot of people say this is just for oil (maybe for some of them that’s true), but that’s not true for me. My heart tells me to fight because I don’t believe in naked aggres­sion and domination of another country. The Iraqis have killed and raped and plundered a helpless country because they could. If we don’t stand up to them, then who will? I know people say it’s not our place to do it, but they are the weak and timid souls who will always feel it is better to live under the foot of a tyrant than to risk one’s own precious life in a bid for some­thing better. This would be a better world for all if more people stood to­gether against such men as Saddam Hussein.

It’s not an easy thing to do—to take on someone else’s fight as your own, but I think it’s the right thing to do, and that’s good enough for me.

Homecoming From The Storm

First Lieutenant David C. Kirby, U.S. Marine Corps—I just returned from Desert Storm. When my unit arrived at March Air Force Base, California, we could not believe the support awaiting us from people we did not even know. As I sat on the bus en route to Camp Pendleton, I realized that even though the United States may have its own internal problems, we are still the greatest country that any man, woman, or child could be part of.

ises to th

All-Round Shipborne oint Defense Missile System

The increasingly complex naval arena of the 1990's and beyond, demands a most sophisticated point defense system to counter an expanding range of surface and air

launched threats.

BARAK-1 is that solution: a fully modular component system designed to provide maximum point defense against multiple threats, even in the most cluttered

environment.

BARAK-1 offers a fully automatic engagement cycle, plus an effective “Man in the Loop" option. BARAK-1's small missile and 22-kg warhead with adaptive proximity fuse, combined with its most advanced fire-control radar, deliver impressive power and unsurpassed Pk capability. Onboard missiles and guns can readily be combined in

an integrated high-tech arsenal.

BARAK-1 is vertically launched, enabling a full 360 coverage with a single launcher. Missiles are guided by Command to Line of Sight (CLOS), providing extended ECCM immunity to enemy EW countermeasures. BARAK-1 's compact, space-saving design enables installation in a variety of vessels from strike craft up — regardless of onboard

combat system equipment density.

BARAK-1: the cost-effective solution to airborne threats at sea.

Vertical launch unit

Tracking & guidance radar

Servo control unit

Transceiver

processor

Fire control console

ESR4E4EL @UKKtsr

MBT-Systems & Space Technology/ Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd.

P.O.Box 105, Yahud Industrial Zone 56000, Israel. Tel: 972-3-536-5236 Tlx: 341450 MBTIL. Fax: 972-3-536-5205, 536-3376.

Rafael Armament Development Authority P.O.Box 2082, Haifa 31021, Israel. Tel: 972-4-706965 Tlx: 471508 Fax: 972-4-794657

Naval Institute Press

1/Vloag 'lEfook.

tery

A Naval Pilot’s Vietnam Dit

“A masterpiece!

Its honesty about war, fear, and love of wife and country moved me deeply."

—Stephen Coonts author of Flight of the Intruder

The Heart of A Man

A Naval Pilot’s Vietnam Diary by Lt. Frank Elkins, USN, edited by Marilyn Elkins, with an introduction by VADM William P. Lawrence, USN (Ret.)

A powerful description of war by young A-4 pilot Frank Elkins, shot down over Vietnam in October 1966, listed missing in action and his remains not identified until January 1990. Fortunately, his spontaneous thoughts survived the war intact and his uncen­sored diary was sent directly to his wife. Lucid and moving, El­kins reveals his feelings about the exuberance of flying in com­bat, the horror of friends dying, his own fear of death, and toward the end, his agitation about his role in the war. The joys, fears, sorrows, and passions recorded so truthfully in his diary inform us all about the personal cost of war and what combat is really like. 160 pages. 10 photographs. #1-2242. $17.95.

USNI MEMBERS-ONLY PRICE: $14.36

The Price of Honor

IISNI MEMBERS-ONLY PRICE:

$33.56

BUILDING THE WOODEN WALLS Design and Construction of the 74-Gun Ship Valiant by Brian Lavery

This hook gives a highly detailed ac­count of the construction of the ship- of-the-line, once the world's most complex and sophisticated instru­ment of war. Although the work con­centrates on the 74-gun ship Valiant, it draws on other vessels to outline all stages of design, construction, and fitting out for ships built from 1715 to around 1810. 224 pages. 130 illus­trations and line drawings. #1-0789 $41.95.

TYPE VII U-BOATS

by Robert Stern

This book studies the Type VII as a weapon of war and carrier of fire­power. The author not only offers a technical history, but also fascinating narrative accounts by the men who operated the boats, as well as a his­tory of how both Axis and Allied sci­entists and technicians struggled to gain a technical advantage that would tip the scales of war. 160 pages. 160 photos. 10 line drawings. #1-8283. $34.95.

USNI MEMBERS-ONLY PRICE: $27.96

UNIFORMS & INSIGNIA OF THE NAVIES OF WORLD WAR II

As Seen by U.S. Naval Intelligence

This work describes in detail, with over 1,500 color illustrations, the uniforms and insignia of eleven com­batant navies and four neutral nations in World War II. The illustrations pro­vide minute details of field and ser­vice uniforms, insignia of rank and specialty, headgear, buttons, and other marks of identification. 112 pages. Over 1,500 color illustrations. # 1-850X. $39-95.

USNI MEMBERS-ONLY PRICE: $31.96

SPECIAL USNI MEMBERS-ONLY 25% -OFF PREPUBLICATION PRICE: $29.96 (Now through 28 June 1991)

THE PRICE OF HONOR The World War One Letters of Naval Aviator Kenneth MacLeish edited by Geoffrey L.

Rossano

More than 250 letters from Kenneth MacLeish to his fiancee and family are published here for the first time. A member of the First Yale Unit, Mac­Leish describes his entire career, from the time he learned to fly in March 1917 until his death in combat just three weeks before the war’s end. 320 pages. 38 illus. #0-5841. $29.95.

USNI MEMBERS-ONLY PRICE: $23.96

TO ORDER CALL TOLL FREE 800-233-USNI.

In MD: 1-301-224-3378 Monday-Friday: 8am-5:30pm EST or use the form in the Books of Interest section.

•••

the equipment is sophisticated. That’s why we’ve developed post-processing techniques to support the operator. A new system to enhance his decision-making abilities.

An example is Update IV. The team is Boeing Aerospace & Electronics Company and Magnavox. As the acoustic subsystem integrator, Magnavox will help operators take the guesswork out of locating and classifying

submarines. We                                                      *       '

have the proven expertise and performance.

'hike Magnavox ... or take a guess.

Magnavox

Government and Industrial Electronics Company

TAKE MAGNAVOX OR TAKE A GUESS!

It’s twenty-two hundred zulu. Thirty minutes left on-station. His search has spanned

1. square miles of ocean. It’s been a routine day ... hundreds of signals have crossed his monitor. Painstakingly he’s tried to analyze the origin of each. Now, there’s one more. A new acoustic signature. Quickly, he must advise — hostile sub, or not? His analysis is critical to national security, but it’s a heavy burden for one man to shoulder. At this point we can’t afford a mistake.

At Magnavox, we understand his needs.

With twenty-five years of experience in “wet” and “dry” end electronics, we know the job is tough. We know

1313 Production Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46808 USA Phone 219-429-6000 FAX 219-429-5459

Lessons Of Desert Storm

1. American defense technology works, and it saves lives.
2. Quality costs money and is worth the cost.
3. Planning pays off when it is founded on correct assumptions and informed analysis.
4. The ultimate tests of defense systems in Desert Storm verify the fact that earlier tests of the same systems were well designed and executed.
5. Our training and our approach to training are unexcelled.
6. Our military men and women are worthy of every accolade and honor.

Today is the tomorrow we all prepared for yesterday. Few outside our defense community — and Iraq — fully appreciate the level of preparation, commitment, teamwork, and technology displayed in Desert Storm. To the entire team, a well-earned salute.        .

Bum

INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Technology. Systems. Solutions. People.

................................................................................................  ^J

Sea Knight For the tough jobs.

To get the job done right, call on an experienced, able veteran. And to find out more about the H-46, call Boeing Helicopters, (215) 591-2202.

handling, regardless of wind direction.

The Navy keeps the H-46 in top fighting form so it can accomplish its mission at reduced costs to the year 2000 and beyond. The latest improve­ments: increased-capacity fuel kits and emergency flotation kits.

, If they gave helicopters service rib- °ns, the H-46 would have a chest full.

It’s rugged, dependable and sized ^r,§ht—big enough for vertical replen­ishment and combat support missions, ^r'tn enough to be hangared on CLF ships, tandem rotors provide unmatched

Dayton T. Brown, Inc. provides complete test services for shipboard qualification testing in accordance with MIL-S-901 Shock, MIL-STD-167 Vibration, and MIL-E-16400 test requirements.

Dayton T. Brown, Inc. has over 40 years of testing experience and affords you a complete range of dynamic, environmental, atmospheric, and electromagnetic testing facilities as well as independent engineering services in a centralized location.

For complete facility brochure or technical information concerning any test requirement, call Dayton T. Brown, Inc.

Engineering & Test Division, Church St., Bohemia, NY 11716 Phone: (516)589-6300 FAX: (516)589-3648

STORM

When the U.S. Forces needed an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) to take to the Middle East for Operation Desert Storm, the Pioneer system was ready to go. Pioneer is the only U.S. UAV system fully operational with the regular forces of the U.S. Army Navy and Marine Corps. Real-time video reconnaissance from the Pioneer has already proven effective minimizing allied casualties.

The Pioneer, produced and supported by AM, was selected competi­tively as a non-developmental item in 1985. Since then nine systems, including up to eight aircraft per system, have made over 2,550 flights and have logged over 5,200 flight hours with a sortie availability rate greater than 85%.

The Pioneer provides real-time reconnaissance, battlefield surveil­lance, target acquisition, artillery adjustment and battle damage assess­ment— operating around the clock from ships at sea, fixed-base and unimproved sites on land. It offers multiple electronic payloads and 24-hour high-resolution sensors.

AAI

With capabilities like these, ifs no surprise that U.S. Forces are rely­ing on the available and affordable Pioneer in support of Operation Desert Storm. And if s no surprise that the defense industry has come to rely on these and other sensible solutions that have made AAI a major contractor of complex-technology systems.

AAI Corporation, a subsidiary of United Industrial Corporation

For more information write: AAI Corporation PO. Box 126, Hunt Valley MD 21030-0126.

Phone (301) 628 3282                                                                                                  THE SENSIBLE SOLUTION

When the SEABEES said, "Can Do" — They meant it.

When we say,

"DONE" - We mean it! We continue the tradition.

Rapid Deployment Fueling

A new concept for rapidly unloading fuel from offshore tankers and transporting it inland for use by both aircraft and ground forces. This program moved in record time from concept, to production and acceptance by the U. S. Army for deployment. Our company has worked in 16 nations and has successfully engineered fueling systems for our Armed Forces in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, Iceland, North Africa and the contiguous United States.

Upgrading an Egyptian Air Base

A major facilities upgrade to an Egyptian Air Base to support F-16 aircraft being purchased by the Egyptian Government. VW?'re procuring material and equipment and have set up a unique computerized material management system linking all phases of the program, from preparation of initial bills-of-material to installation in Egypt. We are also providing warehouse management, technical assistance and construction inspection services.

I wTllbrosI

WILLBROS BUTLER ENGINEERS, INC.

S: 2087 East 71st Street • Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136 M: P.O. Box 701650 • Tulsa, Oklahoma 74170 Tel: (918) 496-0400

■ *

Willbros Butler Engineers, Inc. provides the benefit of many years of experience in carrying out major engineering, construction and logistics projects around the world. Our experience benefits our armed services because wherever they are needed, we've been there.

World’s Most Capable, Most Versatile, Cost-Effective Multi-Mission Hunter/Sweeper

Shock-Qualified Wooden Hull. "The Best Solution. Combat-Proven Technology For Long Service And Ease Of Repair And Maintenance.

NOW REPLACING 40-YEAR OLD WOODEN VETERANS IN THE PERSIAN GULF.

★ ★ ★ ★

BUILT BY

m

PETERSON BUILDERS, INC. 101 PENNSYLVANIA STREET P.0. BOX 650

STURGEON BAY, Wl 54235 TELE: (414) 743-5574 FAX: (414)743-4784

SAI'Technology

A Division of Science Applications An Employee-Owned Company International Corporation

A

1 Again and again, the U.S. Navy depends on SAI Technology for tactical fire control terminals and control stations with shipboard and submarine requirements. SAIT provides on-board display/control equipment for such key surface and subsurface platforms as the DDG-51, CG-47, AOE-6 and SSN-21 & 688 series submarines.

Advanced flat panel A.C. Plasma, TFEL and Active Matrix LCD display and computer systems from SAIT are in production for a host of tactical, strategic and support missions requiring reliable, light-weight, low-cubage military work-stations. SAIT produces GRiDSE-T ruggedized laptop comput­ers for a number of DOD and infernational military programs.

The field-proven leader in tactical computers and display systems

For more information call 1-800-447-4373

Drawings. Designs. Documents. Databases. When it comes to creating and managing technical information for AEC, Intergraph is as versatile as you are.

Everything you need is yours in a fully integrated system. Document the site. Create architectural schematics. Add struc­tural and building services designs to the 3D model. View and present the project using photo-realistic renderings and animations. Produce construction documents. Manage facilities using the as-built database.

With key information manage­ment tools like the Intergraph Network File Manager, your organi­zation can link architect to engineer and department to department. Sharing information and resources. Keeping multiple phases of complex projects moving on schedule.

Open system? Absolutely. With more than 20 years’ experience tying technologies together, Intergraph gives you a wide choice of world standards. Providing multivendor connectivity and compatibility with the AE community.

Broadest available range of graphics-oriented applications. No other system lets you integrate such a range of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) applications for base planning and civil works. AEC.. .facilities management ... GIS/mapping... utilities... plant design... scanning... electronic publishing...and more.

International leader. Intergraph is the international leader in providing interactive computer graphics systems to the world’s governments. We’re a Fortune 500 manufacturer and the Number 1 supplier of AEC applications in the world.

For details on our information management solutions, call 800-826-3515 or contact an Intergraph representative.

INTERGRAPH

Everywhere you look.

Authorized ADP vendor on the GSA schedule (GSOOK89AGS5592).

Intergraph is a registered trademark, Network File Manager is a trademark, and Everywhere You look is a servicemark of Intergraph Corporation. Other brands and product names are trademarks of their respective owners. Copynght 1990 Intergraph Corporation.

To find out if you are paying too much for Homeowner’s Insurance

(insures dwelling, personal property and personal liability)

or “Renter’s” Insurance

(insures personal property and personal liability)

can AH 1-800-255-6792

Our rates are among the lowest anywhere! We are a centrally-located, direct writer insurer, with no agents or branch offices to support. These savings are passed on to our insureds with low rates.

We also save money on operating costs because a high percentage of our new insureds come to us through referrals from present policyholders, customers who are satisfied not only with our low rates but also with our personalized service and efficient claims operation.

For a no obligation price quotation, give us a call today, toll free.

Or fill out and mail

City                                                               State                            Zip

insurance

FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS 66027-0346

Serving the Military Professional, Since 1887

YES, I want to know more about:

□ Homeowner package to insure dwelling, personal property, personal liability.

□ Personal property /personal liability "Renter's" package.

RRmEO FORCES .

ELIGIBILITY—Officers and senior NCO’s (E-7, 8, 9) of all U.S. uniformed services; active duty, retired, regular, reserve or National Guard; also eligible are service academy and advanced “OTC cadets/midshipmen and former officers of all U.S. uniformed services.

l When you’re faced with a data control problem, who ^etter to call than Control Data.

^ We specialize in defense-related data management.

¹ ^ether your platform is land-based, airborne, shipboard or i j ^aceborne, we offer you a wealth of experience in electronic ⁿ'Ormation integration and information processing. _r We can correct improper data flow and timing. We can J^edy information shutdown and loss. Whatever the problem,

I ..''srever the problem, from navigation to radar, from weapons 'Action to image processing and more, our hardware, software systems expertise is your assurance of an intelligent and ^lrr>ely solution.

Let us tell

you about our work with AWACS, Joint STARS, Pave Paws and other programs-and how we can work with you. Call 612-853-5000. Or write Control Data Government Systems Group, PO. Box 0, HQF500, Minneapolis, MN 55440.

(g g) CONTRpL DATA

^our personal travel, like your official government trips, means extra savings from Hertz.

As a member of the U.S. Naval Institute, You’re entitled to special discounts all year long, and your Hertz ID# 220795 is the key to these savings.

Take advantage of our low Government Contract Rates on daily and weekly trips, ^and you’ll receive unlimited mileage.

Computerized Driving Directions, Hertz #1 Club, and Express Return are just a few of the many options available to you at no additional cost.

Call 1-800-654-6511 for reservations and information.

Or, make an advance reservation at Hertz’ Leisure Rates, return the car to the location °f rental, and receive a 5% discount on a compact or larger car. Again, the miles are ffee.

The Hertz Government Desk is staffed 24 hours a day, every day of the year.

Wll also save 10% on all car classes at our Standard Rates.

‘ertz rents Fords and other fine cars.

Delta Surprenant wires the military.

Products Military Hook-up Wire

MIL-W-22759

MIL-W-81044

MIL-W-8777

MIL-W-16878

MIL-W-5086

Airframe Cable

MIL-C-27500

Delta Surprenant, an international leader in specialty wire and cable, offers a wide product range for military applications. From irradiated and high temperature aerospace wires to multi­conductor ground support and shipboard cable, each product is carefully monitored through every stage of the design and manufacturing process, strictly following military standards—your assur­ance of top quality product performance.

Whether your wire and cable must endure high temperatures, resist corrosion, or maintain thermal stability, our engineers will provide cost-effective solutions.

Coaxial & Communications Cables MIL-C-17

Ground Support Cable

MIL-C-13777 Shipboard Cables

MIL-C-24643

MIL-C-24640

Contact Delta Surprenant today for the innovative solution to your military wire and cable requirements.

DELTA SURPRENANT

DELTA SURPRENANT WIRE AND CABLE, INC. 172 Sterling Street • Clinton, MA 01510 Telephone: (508) 368-1401 • FAX: (508) 365-4054

TRW-Space Technology for Naval Power Projection

The cutting edge of naval power requires the best that science and technology can provide.

TRW’s Fleet All Source Terminal (FAST) combines and displays essential tactical information forthe combat commander ashore, afloat and in the field.

TRW - One Smart Company.

'RVw

TRW Systems Division

Systems Integration Group 1 federal Systems Park Drive Fairfax, Virginia 22033 4417 703.876.8300

ummaN

Data Systems

A New Name in AEROSPACE!

The name may have changed; the Quality, Capability and Dedication are still there.

In January of 1987: The Singer Company formed its Electronic System⁵ Division. Since then — as a result of acquisitions — the name transitioned from Singer through Plessey to:

GEC-Marconi Electronic Systems Corporation

This vibrant company retains the defense electronic⁵ expertise that gave the world JTIDS, MIDS, ASN 128 137 & 157 Doppler Systems, Dual Architecture Mission Computers, MULTISENSOR Inertial Instru­ments and Systems, ARN 138 MMR Landing Aid Receivers and others. GEC-Marconi Electronic Systems Corp., with the stability offered by being ⁵ part of the $18 billion GEC p.I.c. group of companies is striking out to make a new name for itself.

As a U.S. Company dedicated to the National Defense, GEC-Marconi Electronic Systems Corporation is committed to Total Quality Management and World Class Manufacturing. It i⁵ prepared and available to handle your most demanding and urgent needs.

Hat

^enis

by

^uPersonic anti-ship missiles ^aat skim the waves. Cruise

missiles launched from beneath the sea hundreds of miles away. Enemy search radars that hop through the J*^ectrum to elude detection, ^ese are all realities of °^rr'bat at sea today.

Unisys Defense Systems,

. ^c.- we’re designing and ^U|lding combat systems with ,, ^e Power and precision to sort trough and react to these ^angerous threats. It’s serious

^S|ness, and for 30 years we’ve been proving the performance of Unisys Defense Systems combat systems.

In that 30 years we’ve integrated systems for both surface com­batants and submarines; and for friendly navies throughout the world. Expertise that spans fire control, sensors, command and control, high-accuracy navigation and tactical communications.

If proven combat performance and total customer commitment are important to you, then Unisys Defense Systems could be vital to your next system development.

To hear more about how we can make it happen for your combat system requirements, contact Unisys Defense Systems, Inc., 8201 Greensboro Dr., McLean, VA, 22102 (703) 847-3442.

UNISYS

We make it happen

It’s the LCAC, the Landing Craft, Air Cushion which operates as a high­speed, ship-to-shore and over-the- beach amphibious landing craft independent of tides, water depths, underwater obstacles and beach gradients. It’s awesome!

Equally awesome is the power trans­mission system developed by The Cincinnati Gear Company consisting of 8 high performance marine gear­boxes operating in tandem with 24 interconnecting clutches and couplings. Equipment that’s time tested like the Marine Corps for which it’s designed to serve.

With its multi-mission capability, the LCAC can shuttle Marine Corps equipment, personnel and weapons systems including the main battle tank quickly and efficiently. Ships located at increased standoff distances will dispatch the LCAC from over the horizon, through the surf zone and across the beach, penetrating deep inland to pre-determined landing points.

The Cincinnati Gear Company is pf to be helping the U.S. Navy usher f this new era of amphibious assault “from over the horizon” by providin'; complete power transmission syste¹ responsibility.

Pwudtoiec/tom, pmdtd0

The

Cincinnati Gear

Company

5657 Wooster Pike 513-271-7700

■ Cincinnati, Ohio 45227 Fax 513-271-6793

The Navy/Marine Corps team’s largest ship is now in the fleet!

The 844-foot, 40,500-ton USS WASP (LHD1), lead ship in a revolutionary new class of multipur­pose amphibious assault ships built by Ingalls Shipbuilding division of Litton in Pascagoula, Mississippi, is in commission and now preparing for her first Atlantic Fleet deployment.

The new ship’s capabilities include...

■ Embarkation, transportation, landing, and full support of a Marine Landing Force...

■ Putting forces ashore by aircraft, helicopters, landing craft, and amphibious vehicles...

■ Specifically-built facilities to accommodate air cushion landing craft and Harrier jets...

■ Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C³I) systems capability as the command ship for amphibious operations.

Ingalls Shipbuilding, for four decades a leader in amphibious assault ship technology, helped the Navy and Marine Corps design the new class; and is now building the next three LHDs- ESSEX (LHD 2) was launched in January... modular construction of KEARSARGE (LHD 3) is well underway... and keel was laid for BOXER (LHD 4) in April.

The WASP Class will be the cornerstone of the Navy’s amphibious lift capability well into the 21st century.

And Ingalls Shipbuilding is proud to be a part of that cornerstone!

Litton________________________

Ingalls Shipbuilding

STRATEGIC PROPULSION

SOUD STRENGTH ON ALL THREE LEGS.

Helping keep America strong is a Hercules tradition. For the past thirty five years, Hercules solid propulsion has formed a vital part of the U.S. ballistic missile deterrent force.

All three legs of America's strategic triad are propelled by high perfor­mance Hercules rocket motors: the land-based Peacekeeper, Minuteman and Small ICBM; the air-launched SRAM II; and the submarine-launched Poseidon, Trident I & II missiles.

New generation missiles for the triad use Hercules-developed lightweight graphite motor cases and high energy propellants- essential to improved performance. These advanced tech­nologies are also playing key roles in the development of anti-ballistic missile interceptors.

Hercules strategic propulsion. A solid foundation for national defense.

Hercules Aerospace

Wilmington, Delaware 19894

UHERCULES

INNOVATION.

COOPERATION.

LETHALITY.

The security of the fleet depends on defen­sive weapons to counter low observable anti-ship Missiles (ASMs). By 1997, it is estimated that °ver 100 countries will have 40,000 ASMs capa­ble of being launched from single or multiple sectors using air, surface or subsurface platforms.

RAM (Rolling Airframe Missile) is a versa­tile, rapid and lethal response to the growing

ASM threat. Cooperatively sponsored by the U.S. Navy and the Federal Republic of Germany, RAM is the only fire-and-forget weapon system in pro­duction specifically designed to counter ASMs. With a high performance airframe and dual mode passive RF/IR guidance, RAM is extremely effec­tive against high speed threats utilizing the most advanced countermeasure techniques. RAM uses existing ship sensors, and its modular design allows easy installation.

RAM, an effective, affordable weapon system designed by General Dynamics Air Defense Systems Division, will allow the fleet to “fight silent” in the sophisticated battle of the future.

GENERAL DYNAMICS

A Strong Company For A Strong Country

NEW47-F09T MOTOR LIFEBOAT STRENGTHENS COAST GUARD CAPARIIITIES

crew protection and boarding-at-sea and self-righting capabilities, the new MLB’s 21st Century technology is designed to help save lives. It did just that when called into an emergency situation off the coast of Washington while undergoing sea trials. Four sea­men were rescued by the Coast Guard evaluation team using the 47-foot pro­totype MLB, which has three decades of Textron Marine Systems’ engineer­ing expertise behind it.

In addition to heavy-weather SAR missions, the 47-foot MLB is designed to conduct operations related to Enforcement of Laws and

Treaties (ELT), Marine _____________

Environmental Response              Textron

TEXTRON

Heavy-weather Search and Res­cue (SAR) mis­sions are recog­nized as the most severe of all U.S. Coast Guard duties. To lessen the demands on both per­sonnel and equipment during SAR operations, the Coast Guard has intro­duced a new 47-foot Motor Lifeboat (MLB) built by Textron Marine Systems.

From tests already conducted with the 47-foot craft, it is clear the speed of the new boat will enable Coast Guard crews to make rescues in half the time it now takes in older craft.

With increased speed, improved

(MER), Port and Environmental Safety (PES) and Recreational Boating Safety (RBS).

The Coast Guard’s 200 year resolve to answer all calls for assistance at sea, combined with Textron Marine Systems’ technological advances- insure that the Coast Guard’s chal- I lenging multi-purpose mission and its most cherished role of search and rescue will proceed all ahead full.

Textron Marine Systems, 6600 Plaza Drive, New Orleans, LA 70127-2584. Phone (504) 245-6600. FAX (504) 245-6634. Telex 6711199TMSNOLA.

Marine Systems

TEXTRON MARINE SYSTEMS: THREE DECADES OF ENGINEERING EXPERTISE PROPELS OUR CRAFT INTO THE 21ST CENTURY.

The “Right Choice” for all Military Small-Boat Applications:

The Pathfinder X-Series

new Raytheon Pathfinder X-Series Radars redefine 24, 32 and 48-nm ras- ^t6r radar performance.

The R20X/R21X (7" CRT), and J>40X/R41X (10" CRT) feature full 4-kW I ^,ransmitter power in either domed or °Pen-array antenna configurations. Radar performance and target defini- ^tlQn are assured with three pluse Widths, three pulse repetition frequen- ^Cles, and a low-noise front end receiver.

small boats can now be fitted with a ^r9dar that provides safety of navigation Stabilities unheard of until the Pathfinder X-Series:

• Raytheon’s exclusive Waypoint Navi­gation feature allows Pathfinder X-Series Radars, to display a waypoint °n the CRT, along with bearing, dis­tance and time-to-go
• Two Electronic Bearing Lines and two variable Range Markers assist the °perator in rapid radar plotting

• Off-centering and 2X-Zoom enlarge­ment capabilities
• 1/8-nm range scale

Support to the military is assured through Raytheon’s in-place Factory Support Organization, as well as an extensive local dealer service network. Our 2-year warranty, the most compre­hensive in the industry, is further proof of our commitment to product support.

Available on GSA contract, the R20X/R21X and R40X/41X Radars are ready for immediate delivery.

Compare the Pathfinder X-Series to radars from other manufacturers. Your choice will be as clear as the pictures on these brilliant Raytheon Radars.

RAYTHEON MARINE COMPANY Government Programs 46 River Road Hudson, NH 03051 USA TEL: 603 881-5200 FAX: 603 881-4756

OSA, of course, is an acronym for Operational Support Aircraft.

As the name suggests, the function of an OSA-type operation in the military is airlift.

In the U.S. Navy, for example, the primary role of OSA is to provide rapid transport of key personnel and priority cargo to and within a given theater of naval operations. Passengers are usually specialists with critically needed skills; cargo is often vital parts for sophisticated equipment.                                                                                                        *

Because OSA payloads are measured by quality, not quantity, OSA airplanes must have exceptional performance and utmost dependability.

If the U.S. Navy set out to design the aircraft that could meet or exceed its foreseeable OSA requirements into the next century, it would want the airplane to have these capabilities:

• The speed and range to respond to unique short-fused requirements in support of remote battle groups.
• Extremely reliable turbofan engines with excellent fuel efficiency and low maintenance requirements.
• The highest levels of technology in computerized flight management systems integrated with electronic flight instruments, and other highly reliable advanced systems that enable the aircraft and flight crews to operate at peak efficiency.
• The performance to use virtually any airport in the world.
• Sufficient size to provide room for as many as 26 people, or up to 6,500 pounds of cargo, or some combination of the two.

If that airplane came off the drawing board and could do all these things, it would be just like the one you see here.

That’s right. The ideal OSA aircraft already exists.

It is our Gulfstream IY It is designed, in production, and proving every day in service with the world’s major corporations and governments that its uncommon versatility results in uncommon productivity. As the C-20F Gulfstream, it would be the newest generation of the C-20 Gulfstreams that are so effective in operation with America’s military.

For OSA, it fits.

For more information, contact:

Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Military Marketing, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 2701,

Arlington, Virginia 22209 U.S. A. Telephone: (703) 276-9500. Facsimile: (703) 276-9504.

Mk-23 TAS- PROVEN SHIPBOARD SELF DEFENSE

When the U.S. Navy needs a self-defense acquisition system for its surface combatants and ^a*rcraft carriers, it looks to Hughes Aircraft Company’s Mk-23 TAS, a target acquisition system already deployed on more than 40 Navy combatants and high-value ships.

With 360-degree automatic detection, designation, and control, TAS is able to detect ^Cruise, sea-skimming and high-diving missiles. The system’s combination of unique logic, threat-evaluation and weapon-assignment software allows multisensor integration and Provides multiple designations to the NATO Seasparrow Missile System and the Rolling Airframe Missile System. Through stringent ^at~sea testing and extensive operational usage, TAS has proven itself both in performance and reliability.

An already developed improvement, which provides three-dimensional information and extended coverage, makes the TAS an ideal ^Candidate for future shipbuilding and fleet modernization well into the next decade.

For more information, contact the Marketing Department, Sensors and Communications Systems Division, Hughes Aircraft Company, P.O. Box 3310, Fullerton, CA 92634. Telephone: (714)732-7550; Fax: (714)732-2688.

HUGHES

The Boeing Advanced Inter­diction Weapon System is being readied now. Its range and ac­curacy will give U.S. Navy pilots far more tactical flexibility and higher aircraft survivability at

significantly greater ranges when launched from either high or low altitudes.

It’s exactly what the Navy ordered: a high-quality system that is effective and affordable.

It incorporates available and proven technology, minimize⁵ new logistics support, and the Boeing design uses the Navy’^ preplanned product improve' ment concept. The Boeing/Nab ^

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The next-generation smart standoff weapon is this close.

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team has demonstrated ^:S _t!‘^at our design is producible at e ^e Anticipated production rates ’s n at the committed cost.

~ r_f. Most important, we’re ^ady. Now.

DESALINATORS FOR THE

E MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUSTRY.

Few names have ever been better known for quality and dependability than MAXIM. A standard that has stood for more than 50 years. Today MAXIM furnishes desalinators to provide fresh water for workboats, offshore platforms, drilling rigs, tankers, submarines and large vessels of all types.. .units | designed for optimum space savings and economic operation. Choose from a

wide range of standard designs or let MAXIM design a unit to meet your specific requirements. Also available are reliable MAXIM heat exchangers and deaerators. Become a part of a legend. T. insist on MAXIM, the first name in reliability and service. MAXIM backs it up! Beaird Industries, P. O. Box 31115, Shreveport, LA 71130-1115. Ph. 318-865-6351.

Fax 318-868-1701.

I N D U S T R I E S, INC.

Beaird

Nuclear submarine equipi • with Maxim desalinatorf

General Dynamics Photo J

A design with life cycle advantages

Seawolf is the first major underseas                   design also factors in Scawolf’s life cycle

Weapons system designed on a computer, needs in maintenance and logistics support, id specifically for modular construction.                                                                                           It’s a design for now, and one we can

°ut this design goes beyond just original keep current through every change during instruction.        the ship’s lifetime.

Developed with our exclusive three-                          And it’s a design our Navy can rely on

dimensional solid graphics system, the              to meet its challenges of the future.

Newport News Shipbuilding

^Tenneco Company Newport News, Virginia 23607

Continuous, automatic detection, track initiation, backing, and engagement of air targets, be they sea- skimming or high-diving missiles.                                                                                             ■ ' -T :

Superior surveillance providing timely detection of very ^fast, very low-flying targets.

^racking radar not influenced by multipath (mirror) conditions with low-flying targets.

Unsurpassed system reliability and resistance against clutter and jamming.

Modes available for action against aircraft, helicopters, and surface targets.

Uninterrupted search and processing of next-priority targets during engagement of the highest-priority target.

• CIWS featuring high-order prediction to increase hit probability.
• Largest calibre ammunition of any CIWS, which not only penetrates a missile but assures detonation of its warhead.
• State-of-the-art technology providing full capability against future as well as present threats.

o SIGNAAL <§

Clean sweeps on INSURV acceptance trials are com­monplace at Trinity because we design and build quality 'nto our ships from the beginning. This earns us repeat Praise and “Brooms Up” commendations from highly Placed Navy and Army officers.

Our high quality shipbuilding standards, coupled with ^a systems engineering approach and computerized scheduling and management, ensure cost effective ships built on schedule, to customer satisfaction. Our nine shipyards and advanced technology team meet and beat production schedules.

We have just completed a six-ship Navy T-AGOS pro­gram of which three were delivered ahead of schedule, and are now building two T-AGS hydrographic ships, one AGOR oceanographic survey ship, five PCF patrol boats, and three crane barges for the U.S. Navy. We are also building two patrol boats for Ecuador.

In addition, we are building and completing thirty-five LCU-2000 class landing craft and a fifth logistic

support vessel (LSV) for the U.S. Army. We’ve also built over 14,000 vessels since 1921.

Our newest shipyard can build ships up to 900 feet and is ready for new construction, and repair and overhaul work now.

Past performance confirms, when every dollar counts, you can count on Trinity, the “Brooms Up” shipbuilder.

Halter Marine, Inc. • Moss Point Marine, Inc. • Equitable Shipyards, Inc. Gretna Machine & Iron Works, Inc. • Aluminum Boats, Inc. • HBC Barge, Inc. Trlnlty-Beaumont

TRINITY MARINE GROUP

14055 Industrial Seaway Road, Gulfport, Miss. 39503 USA P.O. Box 3029, Gulfport, Miss. 39505-3029 USA Telephone: 601-864-0029 Fax: 601-867-1666

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ELECTRO- ACOUS^ DIVISION

Developing the flextensional sources of the fu­ture. Deep diving with linearity, lightweight and low cost.

"Committed to Naval Superiority"

FIBER SCIENCE DIVISION

Advanced com­posite missile launch tubes for surface ship weap­ons systems and storage canisters.

EDO

14-04 111th Street

GOVERNMENT

SYSTEMS

DIVISION

Active and passive sonar, variable depth sonar, command-control hardware/soft- ware, airborne mine countermea­sures and aircraft stores ejection systems.

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EDO DIVISIONS GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS College Point, NY (718) 321-4000

VIRGINIA OPERATIONS Chesapeake, VA (804) 424-1004

BARNES ENGINEERING Shelton, CT (203) 926-1777

EDO CANADA LTD Calgary, Alberta, CAN (403) 569-5400

ELECTRO-CERAMIC Salt Lake City, UT (801) 486-2115

ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC Salt Lake City, UT (801) 486-7481

FIBER SCIENCE Salt Lake City, UT (801) 537-1800

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Darkness is closing fast and so is 700 feet of runway on a pitching deck. Another moment of truth for a carrier air­crew, pitting proficiency and conditioning against a margin of error close to nil.

Fortunately, it’s a simulated landing, with realism provided by Evans & Sutherland visual systems. Naval aviators today train with our realistic day/dusk/night scenarios to safely hone their skills and master challenging tasks.

Safe and less costly than real world training, our visual systems incorporate the most sophisticated techniques to exactingly portray actual flight and com­bat environments. Like air-to-ground combat with interactive threats. Nap-of- the-earth flight. Or NVG operations featuring high scene density and realism with the full range of sensor simulation— from FLIR to radar and LLTV.

Capabilities like these have made Evans & Sutherland the leader in visual systems for military flight simulators.

And the first choice today for virtually every U.S. naval aircraft training program.

To stack the deck in your favor, contact: Evans & Sutherland, Simulation Division, 600 Komas Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108. Tel:801-582-5847,

Ext. 6521. Fax: 801-582-5848

THE ANATOMY OF PEACE BEGINS WITH INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY

To perceive. To hear. To process and analyze, store, then retrieve with flawless consistency requires sensitive, sophisticated systems derived from the highest forms of intelligence.

At DRS, intelligence in the form of advanced technology is incorporated in our signal processing systems, high-resolution display systems, mission recorders, data storage and playback systems, embedded trainers and optical assemblies.

On board hundreds of U.S. and allied ships, aircraft, missiles and tanks deployed throughout the world by the Navy, Coast Guard, Army and Air Force, our products are continuing to meet the increasingly complex range of military challenges. From target detection and surveillance to intelligence gathering and system boresighting. On land, in the air and under water.

For the past twenty years, we’ve built a strong reputation as a versatile defense contractor, specializing in the innovative design, development and manufacture of highly sophisticated defense electronics products that enhance military capabilities for global defense.

For more information, please contact DRS Corporate Development Dept. UNP, 8 Wright Way, Oakland, NJ 07436, (201) 337-3800.

Telex: 710-988-4191. Fax: 201-337-3439

¹ Maintaining Shiphandling Skills

With Fewer Ships & Reduced Optempo

Where Mistakes Don’t Cost.

Over the past four years, more than 3,500 U-S. Navy PCOs, PXOs and Dept. Heads ^tending SWOS Newport have had the advantage °f simulator training. In addition, Officers from over ^5 ships in the Fleet have come to the MarineSafety Simulator Complex for refresher training.

Using any one of 20 ship types and 15 9eographic areas, the simulator training includes getting underway in wind and current, maneuver- ^lng in heavy traffic and mooring alongside another ^ship. Other evolutions cover operations in dense ^f°g, docking and UNREP at night or under adverse conditions.

This training is being accomplished without Asking a hundred-million dollar ship and its crew ^0r burning hundreds of gallons of fuel per hour. Shiphandling training with a simulator is cost ^effective and safe!

Even more exciting is the prospect that the fully developed training program, with all the listing ships and ports, could be used by each ^ship locally as part of its operating schedule.

MarineSafety will install a fully compatible shiphandling training simulator, wherever the need exists, without major capital outlay by the Navy. Training would be on a tuition-basis, as is presently the case in Newport.

For more information on this concept, contact Tom Garrigan at (516) 773-5603 or via Fax at - 5604.

MarineSafety

international

Newport Simulator Training/Research Complex 344 Aquidneck Avenue Middletown, R.l. 02840

A COMMANDING LEAD

CAE's Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS) controls the latest generation of advanced technology warships. Now operational in Canadian Patrol Frigate sea trials, CAE's IPMS has also been delivered to the U.S. Navy MHC-51 program and is on order by other navies.

ADVANCED MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE

CAE's IPMS uses the concept of an "All Glass Control Room" which provides marine engineers with full color display consoles to control and monitor all platform machinery systems. Standardized operating procedures enhance flexibility and reduce operator error.

SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE AND TOTAL SHIP SURVIVABILITY

IPMS modular design features widely distributed, intelligent electronics interconnected by a triplicated data bus to provide survivability through redundancy. Reductions in weight, space, cabling and power consumption are also achieved.

BUILT-IN-TEST AND EMBEDDED TRAINING The IPMS Built-In-Test-Equipment signals the operator with fault detection to the Line Replaceable Unit. The system provides "full-scope" embedded training which accelerates learning and reduces training costs.

For complete details, or a demonstration - contact CAE Marine Systems Marketing.

OUTSIDE THE U.S.A.

CAE ELECTRONICS LTD.

IN THE U.S.A.

CAE-Lirile Corporation

11800 Tech Road,

Silver Spring, MD U.S.A. 20904 TEL (301) 622-4400 FAX (301) 622-8383

C.P. 1800 Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada H4L4X4

Tel.(514) 341-6780 TLX 05 824856 TWX 610-422-3063 FAX (514) 341-7699

Subsidiaries of CAE Industries Ltd.

Where new frontiers become reality.

EW Systems For Hunters ... Not Prey

W-J Systems: Technology for the '90s and beyond

expanded to incorporate new technology to face future demands.

With its

^ctronic warfare systems being built today face an awesome Challenge; they must have the flexibility and capacity to meet i changing threat into the 21 st century. Watkins-Johnson has ^atan on this challenge with its systems approach ⁰ ELINT, COMINT, SIGINT and C³I systems.

W-J is currently fielding highly capable, modular ^sterns for advanced strategic and tactical mis- ^S|°ns. These systems, like the WJ-36500 Signals cieiligence Receiving System (SIRS), the WJ-8957 °mmunications Surveillance and Locating System p SLS), and other advanced strategic and tactical ** systems, feature an architecture that not only ^Sets current requirements, but can be easily

broad product base in devices, components and sub­systems, W-J can employ its vast vertical integra­tion capability to produce a cost-effective solution to the most demanding EW problem. Whatever your mission or platform, be the hunter—not the hunted. Find out how the W-J systems approach can handle your requirement.

For information on the WJ-36500, WJ-8957, or any W-J system, contact Systems Applications Engineering in San Jose, California at (408) 435-1400, or Columbia, Maryland at (301) 497-3900.

WATKINS-JOHNSON

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EXCELLENCE IN ELECTRONICS

Machining _{iys 800} l                    800HT

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MONEL, INCONEL, INCOLOY, INCO, NILO, BRIGHTRAY and NIMONIC are trade­marks of the Inco ^ family of companies^-'' ’

INCO ALLOYS INTERNATIONA!

Others may imitate our products, use our books for reference and guidance, and even use our numbering system; but they cannot use our trademarks. And they can’t match the range of alloys and forms Inco Alloys International offers.

Start your own reference library. Get our "Quick Reference Guide” free just by writing us. Inco Alloys International, Inc., Huntington, West Virginia 25720. Or, for a quicker reply, FAX us at (304) 526-5441.

When it comes to the best-known, high-performance, heat and corrosion resisting high-nickel alloys, we wrote the books. If you want more information on MONEL, INCONEL, INCOLOY, INCO, NILO, BRIGHTRAY, or NIMONIC alloys, let us know. We’re the only source for these products. And we have them available in the widest range of forms and sizes in the industry. All with the proven ability to save you money in repair, replace­ment and downtime.

Inco Alloys International distributors in the USA: Casth

A Satcom system that has it all together.

240fl P¹^ Pliable. Secure. The Magnavox MX iin_COm^nteS^rate(J Satcom Terminal offers telev ,P^rotT1'^sed satellite communications via data, 5 fax or voice.

^c°aiDa r '^{S ra}P'^' P Matures real time data 1N_Ma^C_r'⁰; ^and the fastest data throughput of any system f ^ Satcom. It’s the most economical The w^r_v^non'^tactfcal messages. ^e*treme t '^{s rc}''^a^^e- *^{t s} built to withstand eniperatures, severe weather and jarring

seas. Its durable passively stabilized antenna is the smallest and lightest available with any system.

The MX 2400 is secure. It limits use to only authorized users. And, it’s STU III compatible for data and voice encryption.

The MX 2400. When it all comes together like this, it’s the only Satcom system you need.

Maanavox

We’re setting new standards in shipboard air defense.

For more than 20 years, General Dynamics Air Defense Systems Division has been designing, developing and building Standard Missiles for the U.S. Navy.

Today, we’re evolving this proven shipboard air defense system to keep pace with current technologies, while staying ahead of the threat.

And as always, raising quality while lowering costs is standard operating procedure.

GENERAL DYNAMICS

A Strong Company For A Strong Country

Until now, a cost-effective solid-state broadband HF communication system with the high performance mandatory for Naval applications has been elusive. Now Harris introduces an HF broadband archi­tecture with a technological advance that meets the need.

The solid-state Harris RF-1170 system allows rapid reconfiguration of transmit and receive assets and reduces intermodulation distortion to the levels necessary for collo­cated shipboard systems. It can be config­ured to operate with existing shipboard transmit antennas. And it’s compatible with all new generation technology including ALE (Autolink) and frequency hopping.

The fully shipboard-qualified Harris sys­tem provides automatic built-in-test and is being delivered now. Find out more today. HARRIS CORPORATION RF COMMUNICATIONS GROUP

1680 University Avenue, Rochester, NY 14610 (716)244-5830 1-8004-HARRIS, Ext. 3507

A Quality Name

Whether it's stormy or calm, you can rely on Electrospace's SHF SATCOM systems. When you're depending on your critical voice and data communications link the most, our systems perform.

The COMM

in the Storm

Since 1982, Electrospace has served as the developer, producer and integrator for the U.S. Navy's AN/WSC-6 (V) program. This system interfaces with the Defense Satellite Communications System to provide worldwide communication capability.

To date we've delivered 25 total systems with provisions for 47 additional systems.

Our expertise covers a full spectrum of capabilities, including small and large dishes and a wide range of low to high power based systems. In addition, Electrospace's highly qualified support team ensures optimum system perform­ance for customers around the globe.

Let Electrospace's SHF SATCOM experts design and produce a system to meet your unique, high capacity data communications requirements. When you need a communications system that keeps working, our systems have proven they can.

For more information, contact John Cochran.

The AN/WSC-6 two rack system operates with a four foot antenna in the 7.9 to 8.4 GHz range.

A Spectrum of New Ideas

=ELECTROSPACE

mm                                                                                                                                                                                 SYSTEMS, INC.

A CHRYSLER COMPANY

1301 E. Collins Blvd.

RQ Box 831359 Richardson, TX 75083-1359 214/470-2000 FAX: 214/470-2466 TWX: 910-867-4768 Telex: 163590 ESI UT

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(jtncers

Save

atUSAA

When you compare auto or homeowners insurance, look at all the variables.

Do you get the kind of service you deserve? Are your insurance rates competitive? Do you earn dividends? Do you share in the company's profits?

At USAA, the bottom line is VALUE. You save both time and money when you insure with us. Here's why.

SELECT, ECONOMICAL

Because of your military affiliation, you may be eligible to join USAA — a very select group. We take pride in knowing that the members we serve (current and former commissioned and warrant officers in the U.S. armed forces) are responsible and mature drivers and property owners.

Because of the Association's selectivity, our insurance rates are highly competitive, highly desirable. But favorable rates are just a part of the USAA story.

We offer safe driver dividends, multiple car and carpooler discounts.* When you protect your new home

with USAA coverage, you can save up to 20%. And save even more by installing an approved fire and burglar protection system.

When you insure with USAA, you become an owner of the Association. And, down the road, you'll share in the company's profits through the Subscriber's Savings Account.

TOPS IN SERVICE

Our economical coverage may bring you to us, but our service will

USAA

keep you with us. Speedy policy and claims service is bottom line. Just ask your friends who are already USAA members. And, we're always just a phone call away.

INSURANCE AND OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES

USAA — a unique company which offers you more than auto and homeowners protection. One call can connect you to our experts in life and health insurance, mutual funds, banking services, travel, buying services. A one-stop approach to meet your special needs, designed to SAVE YOU TIME AND MONEY.

ONE FREE CALL

You'll find out why 9 out of 10 active duty military officers save time and money with USAA. Request a free auto or homeowners insurance rate quote. There's no obligation. Then consider the "big picture." We think you'll save with USAA. Call us today.

1-800-531-8975

*Safe driver dividends are not available in California.

Those eligible for USAA membership include anyone who is now or ever has been an officer in the U.S. military. In addition, cadets/midshipmen of the U.S. military academies,

OCS/OTS candidates, ROTC cadets under government contract, and other candidates for commission are also eligible to apply for membership.

THE AN/UYS-503 SOLUTION

"Detection is the key to ASW. With today's increasingly silent underwater threats, I want an acoustic processing system that will monitor more buoys, with greater sensitivity, at lower frequencies - both narrow and broadband. I'd really like concurrent processing and more innovative post processing. And don't give me a lot of promises - I want a proven system now."

The AN/UYS-503 answers those needs - and more. An acoustic processing system based on a unique "one buoy, one processor" open architecture supported by extensive post-processing capabilities, the AN/UYS-503 enables customers to configure multi-buoy systems to meet every threat. It's simple, powerful - and available today.

a division of Control Data Canada, Ltd.

COMPUTING DEVICES COMPANY

P.0. Box 8508, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1G 3M9,

Tel.: (613)596-7051, Telex: 053-4139, Fax: (613) 596-7125

or in Europe P.0. Box 1, Newquay, Cornwall, England, TR7 3AP,

Avondale launches the right stuff

to achieve strategic beachheads.

Avondale Industries. Inc., has perfected the kind of modular construction and assembly technology it takes to build state-of-the-art military vessels competitively in the United States.

One of the nation’s leading marine and in­dustrial fabricators, Avondale is launching Navy LSDs in New Orleans and LCACs in Gulfport, a strategic combination designed to put men and materials on the beach. We also build TAOs

to fuel the licet and a number of smaller vessels for other branches of the military.

Avondale is capable of building almost any kind of ship or boat the Navy, the Marines or the Army can design to carry out our nation's defense strategy. And our own strategy for attracting military contracts?

Delivering ships and boats that are of the highest possible quality at the kind of reasonable prices the American taxpayer demands.

A Avondale

Knrnan. The name says command.

appropriate thought for the Nayy’s new ASW attack helicopter.

¹ he Kaman SH-2G.

^ Already in production, the “-2G builds upon the proven ^record of the SH-2F. The Navy’s ^m°st recent evolution of the Unbeatable Kaman design.

But we’ve upgraded it with ^w° Powerhouse T700 engines. New Avionics. And high-performance dynamics.

Now there’s even an on-board acoustic processor for totally auton­omous missions against subma­rines. Plus superb sonobuoy and sonar capabilities.

When the situation gets hot, the SH-2G lets you add critical components. Like dipping sonar.

An array of missiles and special weapons. And more advanced ESM.

All of which help counter in­creasingly sophisticated threats at sea. And on land.

That’s what it takes to deliver performance. Now. And well into the 21st century.

Fly farther. Fight harder. Let us put you in Kaman today!

For more information, write or call: Kaman Aerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 2, Bloomfield, CT 06002, (203) 243-7551.

KAMAN

A Kaman Performance

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When you're miles from port and professional technical service, you need to know your engine will keep performing with a minimum of maintenance and repair.

Every mission depends on power. Unfailing power in all kinds of duty...tough and long, rugged and remote. And Cat® Engines have a reputation for delivering that power and performance.

The Caterpillar 3500 and 3600 Series Engines are adding to that tradition.

• High-quality muscle that keeps putting out full power long after other engines require repair or replacement.

• Straight forward simple design that's easy to understand, easy to keep up and running.

And the 3500 and 3600 Series Engines fit a wide range of propulsion and power generation needs...from 600 to 6660 bhp.

If you're looking for the most dependable source to power your next mission, ask us about our 3500 and 3600 Series Diesel Engines.

Call or write:

Caterpillar Defense Products Peoria, IL 61629 Phone: (309) 675-6938

© 1989 Caterpillar

CATERPILLAR

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Mk 45: more gun for the 90’s.

The Mk 45 Gun System is, and will continue to j ^e> ^a major element in the projection of naval power. It serves the Navy and Marine forces in limiting the escalation of conflicts, guarding vital sea lanes and Protecting American lives around the world, while ^c°ntributing to the point defense of surface combatants.

Now, a significant upgrade of the Mk 45 is in development. It’s happening at FMC in a program to Provide the Navy with an advanced design based on me current Mk 45.

With new materials and redesign of major components, the performance and mission coverage °f the MK 45 will change.

Among the many improvements: increased elevation and rate of fire to counter airborne threats; ^{a n}ew loading system designed for easier, less costly maintenance; extensive use of composites to control system weight; a new shield with more room, con­figured to minimize radar signature; and significant overall improvement in reliability/maintainability/ availability.

Additionally, with many of the new subsystems designed for back-fit and forward-fit, all current Mk 45 systems can be upgraded.

Extended life, lower cost, a better gun.

This is our mission, to provide the means for effective, affordable defense. FMC Corporation, Naval Systems Division, Box 59043, 4800 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55459-0043.

Defense

Systems

LIMITED OBJECTIVE WARFARE IS HERE TODAY.

SO IS SLAM.

SLAM, America’s Standoff Land Attack Missile, SLAM’s long standoff range ensures pilot and is tailor-made for deployment in contingency and    aircraft survivability With man-in-the-loop guidance,

limited objective warfare. And, as demonstrated, the system assures target discrimination and precise

it’s ready now.                                                             aimpoint selection. SLAM, with its pinpoint accuracy

Currently in production at McDonnell Douglas is designed for surgical strike missions which Missile Systems Company (MDMSC), SLAM is a demand high effectiveness and low collateral direct descendant of the successful Harpoon missile, damage. And it delivers under day/night and It is produced on the same production line and adverse weather conditions, supported by the existing Harpoon logistics system. For standoff strike capability now and in the This means known costs, known performance, future, SLAM is the right weapon. And it’s and known reliability.       working now.

MCDOISUSIELL DOUGLAS

.............................................................................. A company of leaders.