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Tomorrow’s Weapons
By Brigadier General J. H. Rothschild, U. S. Army (Retired). New York: McGraw- Hill, 1964. 271 pages. $6.95.
REVIEWED BY
Captain Paul R. Schratz, U. S. Navy
(Captain Schratz is in the Plans and Policy Section of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs). Previously he was the Joint Chiefs of Staff representative at the 18-nation disarmament conference in Geneva, Switzerland.)
Chemical and biological weapons have been hidden behind a closed door of the world’s consciousness for a half century. As a result of misinformation, ignorance, and Allied propaganda in World War I, the tremendous offensive and defensive possibilities of man’s two primary toxic weapons—nerve gases and germ warfare—remain shrouded in unnatural secrecy.
General Rothschild, former Chief of the Army Chemical Corps’ Research and Development Command, deeply laments the restrictions the government places on public discussion of these weapons by military officers. This restriction, in the author’s view, fosters the miasma of public ignorance and prevents the military from acquiring necessary proficiency in an important area of training.
In the last few decades, public statements on chemical and biological warfare by senior U. S. government officials have been rare, yet in the Soviet Union many high officials express the view that in future wars chemical and biological weapons will be used widely. The Germans had stockpiled the nerve gas Tabun at Normandy and they could have driven our forces into the sea had it been used. The U. S. share of captured German stocks of gas was destroyed; the Soviets, more realistic, took stockpile, plant, and technical personnel back to the hidden recesses of the Soviet Union.
General Rothschild’s purpose here is to bring the subject into the open with a factual discussion of the moral and political aspects of toxic warfare, the offensive and defensive uses of these weapons in combat, and their
function in policing a peaceful world.
Although gas warfare is considered inhumane in the public mind, World War I records indicate that of the 272,000 casualties suffered by the American Expeditionary Force, only 2 per cent of gas casualties died in contrast to the 26 per cent fatalities from other causes; only 4 per cent of the men gassed were disabled, in contrast to 25 per cent of those wounded by more conventional weapons.
The World War I agents are still useful, but many new varieties of “CB” weaponry have been developed. The question asked is: Why do we accept methods of war which burn a man to death, “tear off his limbs or leave him blind and mindless,” yet say that gas or germ warfare is unacceptable?
The claim of “inhumanity” of chemical and biological weapons stems from three factors: the relative newness of the weapons, the Allied anti-gas propaganda of World War I, and the fear of the unknown. As General Rothschild points out, no military officer can fail to appreciate the great advantage which
could have been achieved through use of gas warfare in the Pacific island-hopping campaign of World War II. Betio, in the Tarawa group, for example, was defended by 4,000 Japanese troops.
The U. S. assaulting forces used 3,150 tons °f high explosives (2.6 pounds per square yard) before storming ashore, then suffered 4,000 casualties in the bitter campaign. The objective of the operation, the small airfield, had to be rebuilt before it could be used. Had We used 900 tons of mustard gas, the entire garrison would have been killed or incapacitated, there would have been little or no opposition, and the airstrip would have been immediately usable. Similar comparisons for Saipan, Iwo Jima, or Okinawa need no detailed elaboration. In Korea, gas warfare Would have succeeded against the North Koreans and Communist Chinese and would have prevented the heavy toll in killed and Wounded suffered by the Allied forces. Yet even tear and vomiting gases were barred from use against this ill-prepared enemy.
The United States—and the Soviets—have gases which cause mental aberrations, but allow complete recovery. Others produce physical disabilities or death. Certain agents will infect crops and farm animals; others will defoliate jungle growth, and are now being used in this manner in the South Vietnam conflict. New and old riot-control agents were used to stabilize a volatile situation in Panama last year; others are appropriate for civil disturbance, counter-insurgency, and outright war in all its forms. They may in fact offer an alternative to nuclear war, in General Rothschild’s views, where no such choice currently exists. In short, chemical and biological weapons give the civil defense and military commander a span of actions now largely unappreciated.
Tomorrow's Weapons gives a full understanding of the toxic arsenal, the methods of selfprotection, and other uses of “CB” in a peaceful world ruled by law. For all the horrors of nuclear war, some today would have us “love the bomb”; others apparently feel it more appropriate to alienate affection for the A- bomb in favor of the bug bomb.
Brassey’s Annual, 1964
Edited by Major-General J. L. Moulton (late Royal Marines), Brigadier C. N. Barclay, and Air Vice-Marshal W. M. Yool. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964. 346 pages. Illustrated. $15.50.
REVIEWED BY
Captain S. W. Vejtasa, U. S. Navy
(iCaptain Vejtasa is Head, Air Strike and Carrier Warfare Branch, Strike Warfare Division, in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.)
Those who are familiar with past editions of Brassey’s Annual and have come to look forward to each new edition with anticipation will not be disappointed. Those who are firsttime readers cannot help but be pleasantly surprised by the wealth of material on a broad spectrum which unfolds in the reading.
There are 33 chapters in the book,* nearly all of which deal with some facet of the broad subject of national defense. Also included is the “Statement on Defence, 1964,” commonly known as the “White Paper,” which is presented to Parliament by the Minister of Defence.
Most of the articles have been written by officers of the various services. All authors, whether military or civilian, are experts in their field with the demonstrated ability to draw upon history, personal experience, and research while developing some intensely interesting opinions and theories.
The theme of the book has been set in “Fifty Years of Conflict—1914-1964,” by
Brigadier C. N. Barclay, a carefully selected article on the highlights of conflict over the last 50 years from which has evolved the current defense posture of the United Kingdom. It is pointed out that the constant growth of technical knowledge and the development of more sophisticated weapons have revolutionized the conduct of war. Moreover, the rising cost of labor and material associated with the lengthening periods of time required to develop a complicated weapons system has necessitated careful, long-range planning and meticulous direction of effort.
Several articles describe in detail new developments in Britain’s Navy, Army, and Air Force, with particular emphasis on the accomplishments in aircraft and missiles which have had a marked effect on the direction of the defense effort in Britain.
A point of common agreement is that the one thing in the history of the world that has brought the most profound change in political and military thought and action has been the advent of nuclear weapons. Britain’s defense, which has long rested on the ability to control the seas, now finds itself subject to devastation by nuclear attack, against which there is, at present, no adequate defense. This has dictated a generation of nuclear deterrent forces as well as those with conventional capabilities.
* (1) Defence 1964-65, (2) Fifty Years of Conflict—1914-1964, (3) Threat to Sea Communications as a Method of Fimited War, (4) Defence Trends in Britain, (5) Research and Opinion, (6) This Business of Public Relations, (7) The Military Implications of the Test-Ban Treaty, (8) Parliamentary Control of Military Expenditure, (9) The Multilateral Force Project, (10) The Communist Threat to South and South-East Asia, (11) The Yemen, (12) Developments in Maritime Forces 1964-65, (13) Britain’s Merchant Navy, (14) New Developments in Aircraft and Missiles, (15) Bases or Fighting Forces? (16) The U.S.M.C.—America’s Force in Readiness, (17) The Assault Ship—H.M.S. Fearless, (18) The Logistic Ship Sir Lancelot, (19) Roll-On, Roll-Off—The Commercial UseofL.S.T., (20) Implications of Strategic Mobility, (21) Military Works Services. The New Role of the Ministry of Public Building and Works, (22) A Review of the Military Situation in Europe, (23) The Direction of AntiGuerrilla Operations, (24) Israel and the Arab States, (25) The Future of the British Aircraft Industry, (26) Aircraft in World Pest Control and Fertilisation, (27) Aid to Developing Countries in 1964, (28) Some Problems of Soviet Strategy, (29) Manning a Modern Fleet, (30) Adventure Training in the Royal Air Force, (31) The U. S. Manned Orbiting Laboratory, (32) The Royal Air Force and The Arctic, (33) Some Military Books of the Year.
World-wide commitments with limited forces have necessitated the streamlining of Britain’s armed forces, with emphasis on training and equipment designed to enhance mutual support between the military services
while providing the best possible quick- reaction capability.
Of particular interest at the present time are two articles which deal with the Communist threat to South and Southeast Asia and anti-guerrilla operations as conducted by the British in Malaya, “The Communist Threat to South and South-East Asia” by A. H. S. Candlin, and “The Direction of Anti-Guerrilla Operations” by General The Lord Bourne. Doubtless the authors have accomplished much research in order to support their analysis of the Communist threat in Asia and provide a basis on which to predict future Communist objectives.
In his discussion of anti-guerrilla operations, Lord Bourne draws on his personal experience gained as commander in the fight against the Communists in Malaya from 1954 to 1956. The several factors which are essential to success are discussed, with emphasis on timing and interplay, and the stress that must be placed upon each to assure eventual victory, ft is pointed out that the exact pattern that brought success in Malaya may not necessarily apply in all areas. However, the prin- Clples still exist and present at least a point of °ngin for present or future planning.
Although personnel factors are discussed in many of the chapters, only one article is devoted to the details of manning a modern fleet. The jobs which must be done on board ship are examined; these requirements are related to manpower requirements in “Man- nmg a Modern Fleet” by “Lancaster.” The flndings are readily apparent: As ships, associated weapon systems, and equipment become more complex, more men with advanced skills and knowledge are required to operate ^nd maintain them. Due to the lengthy train- ln5 periods required and the difficulties associated with retention of skilled personnel, shortages in some areas always exist. As par- bal solutions, the author recommends that maintenance and operator functions be over- aPped to some extent, that reliability of equipment be improved, and that personnel specialization by type of ship be considered.
One chapter of particular interest provides * thumbnail history of “The U.S.M.C.—
uierica’s Force in Readiness.” Major
• E. B. Banks, Royal Marines, recounts s°me of his “good and memorable” experiences and impressions during his year as an exchange officer.
Space is not neglected: Some of the U. S. efforts in space vehicles are explored with emphasis on the manned orbiting laboratory. The author of “The U. S. Manned Orbiting Laboratory,” Kenneth W. Gatland, concludes that at this time such a vehicle can best serve as an experimental tool for future development of vastly improved reconnaissance and surveillance satellites.
This book is highly recommended reading for technician and layman alike. The authors have done a superb job of delineating many of the problems of the national defense and followed up with some very plausible suggestions and possible corrective courses of action.
Latin America: Myth and Reality
By Peter Nehemkis. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964. 300 pages. $5.95.
REVIEWED BY
Lieutenant Richard M. Basoco,
U. S. Naval Reserve
{Lieutenant Basoco has been on the staff of the Director of Naval History since I960 and is a graduate student at the American University in Washington, D. C., specializing in international relations.)
Professor Charles O. Lerche has pointed out in this journal that it is no longer possible to speak of “purely military” considerations in policy-making. “National strategy and national security,” he wrote, “are concepts of unity and integration.” *
This observation goes a long way toward suggesting just why Latin America: Myth and Reality should be of special interest to officers in the armed services. Latin America is and will remain an area of vital U. S. interest; our military assistance programs and joint operations must reflect and be closely coordinated with our national policies. This can hardly be done effectively unless the members of the defense establishment are familiar with the Alliance for Progress— what it has done and what it has not done— or the domestic politics that influence members of the Organization of American States. Moreover, an understanding of Latin America
* See Charles O. Lerche, Jr., “The Professional Officer and Foreign Policy,” U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings, July 1964, pp. 68-74.
is incumbent upon U. S. defense planners because it is, as Mr. Nehemkis states, an area “where the soldiers call the shots,” where the normal business of the military is politics.
This book is an excellent place to begin to gain such an understanding, for the author devotes more than one-third of his text to a careful consideration of the role of the military in Latin America. In addition, he discusses the economic, social, and political aspects of present-day life in the republics to the south. His perspective is balanced and provides the reader with new and meaningful insights into the nature of the problems with which we— Americans and latinos alike—must both come to grips.
As the title implies, Mr. Nehemkis seeks to probe beyond the misleading layer of myth that clouds much of the usual observer’s view of Latin American affairs.
The author points out that “Latin America’s armies, navies, and air forces have no role to play in the defense of the Western Hemisphere against thermonuclear attack.” He rightly observes that the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962, demonstrated that, in a showdown, the United States takes over. Thus he concludes, “The only legitimate mission of Latin America’s armed forces is internal security.”
This well supported judgment alone is sufficient to provide grounds for constructive debate among policy planners. How do we see the South American military contributing to hemispheric defense? What do we expect of them? Are these views rational? For if Mr. Nehemkis is correct, his point that it is preposterous for Latin America to spend 1.4 billion dollars annually to maintain 650,000 men in uniform must also be well taken. He maintains, persuasively, that both the men and the money can be put to better use in these under-developed nations where the 15th and 20th centuries exist side by side.
The question, then, is how? To ask the military to disarm voluntarily, he says, “strikes me as likely to be barren of results ...” Job displacement is welcome nowhere. The author does not pretend to have all the answers to this exceedingly complex problem, but he does offer some realistic suggestions based on his own long experience in and thorough analysis of Latin America. He believes the education of the officer corps is of central importance. With the exception of those in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru, there are no institutions comparable to our own war colleges where officers can acquire a broader, more sophisticated view of contemporary economic, political, and social problems. “For most Latin American officers,” Mr. Nehemkis writes, “the cuartel [barracks area] is the outer limit of their world.” He suggests that the United States can do much to broaden this horizon. American universities might offer to provide courses in the physical and social sciences for some Latin American military academies. The U. S. Department of Defense, which the author points out “conducts the largest ‘university’ in the world for its military personnel,” could place its excellent training and educational facilities at the disposal of South American defense establishments. Much of the subject matter is technical, but more than 60 per cent of the instruction is also applicable to civilian occupations.
And this is the point: Throughout Latin America, members of the armed services do not now have the technical qualifications for civilian employment. If they did have suitable training, the officers would undoubtedly be attracted to industry and business. Thus, the bulging ranks and budgets of the military would be reduced, and civilian enterprises would receive a vital injection of able and educated manpower.
Mr. Nehemkis also believes that the Latin American military should be put to greater use in wide-ranging projects for socially constructive purposes. Because the present “civic action” programs using military assistance funds for Corps of Engineer projects are budgeted at only six million dollars is evidence that the program is not taken seriously. He would have the United States impose a quid pro quo on the latinos: If they want U. S. aid, they must use a specified number of troops for highway, hospital, and school construction, sanitation work, the supplying of teachers for illiterates, and so on. This would give us an unprecedented moral standing with the ordinary citizens, because it would use the military where it can do the most good- And if a particular country finds such a proposal unacceptable, “I see no reason why
that country shouldn’t be told to get its help elsewhere—or to continue to stew in its own stagnation. But would this not inevitably lead to that country’s obtaining aid from Moscow? To my mind, the threat to go to Moscow is a bluff,” writes Mr. Nehemkis.
This is the kind of hard-headed, pragmatic, and non-theoretical approach that the author employs in every chapter of his book. But he does more than simply list problems and provide some possible answers to them. He outlines, clearly and concisely, case histories of how the problems came to be and how they manifest themselves.
This is a short book and it is highly readable, but it is by no means an easy book. The thoughtful reader will not find it suitable for “skimming,” for there is too much in these pages on which to ponder and reflect.
Dreadnought
By Richard Hough. New York: Macmillan,
1964. 268 pages. Illustrated. $14.95.
REVIEWED BY
Captain Neville T. Kirk,
U. S. Naval Reserve
{Captain Kirk has been a professor in the English,
History, and Government Department of the Naval
Academy since 1942. From 1945 to 1948 he was exchange
officer at the Military Academy at West Point.)
On 3 October 1906, a gray, coal-burning battleship, radically new in all her lines, cast °ff from the Railway Jetty in Portsmouth Dockyard and stood out from Spithead for sea trials. Since her construction had been veiled m secrecy—a then-novel policy for the British Admiralty—popular interest in her progress bad risen to unprecedented height. What the Waiting world now saw was an 17,900-tonner ~~larger than any other warship afloat— ^27 feet long, rather squat in silhouette, with me pioneer naval tripod mast stepped just abaft her fore smokestack (to serve the main boat derrick), and ten 12-inch guns protrud- lng from five turrets.
This Dreadnought was sixth to carry a name lhat had figured prominently in some of the most famous naval battles of British history.
If judged by her impact on the naval polices of the major powers, the Dreadnought must be considered the most revolutionary warship in history—to her time. The technological “firsts” embodied in her design fully justified the stir she created. She was built in one year as against the normal four years for other battleships of the time. Because improved fire control had made the 12-inch gun accurate beyond the effective ranges of smaller calibers, the new ship mounted an “all-big-gun” battery in place of the usual mixed armament of 6-inch to 12-inch guns. With 28 feet of freeboard forward, her forecastle gave the fore turret the highest gun platform afloat. Four turbines, directly coupled to four propeller shafts, drove her at 21 knots, three knots faster than any other battleship. It was soon discovered, moreover, that the Dreadnought could steam at full power as long as bunker contents lasted, in contrast to the more limited high-speed endurance of her contemporaries, powered with reciprocating engines. (At Santiago, for example, four hours’ all-out steaming during the famous chase of the Spanish cruiser Cristobal Colon had left the U. S. battleship Oregon's engines in serious need of repair.) The Dreadnought's water tube boilers also made news, with steam carried at a record 250 psi. Such was the remarkable ship whose name came to be applied to the big-gun warship type for the remainder of its era.
The immediate influence of HMS Dreadnought upon history was profound. Though big-ship-versus-small-ship controversies broke out in the leading naval nations, each laid down its own dreadnoughts as rapidly as possible. Larger, improved classes appeared each year until, within a decade, the size of the original had been doubled. This spectacular succession of battleships, promoted before 1914 by the Anglo-German naval race, caught the public eye. It also reached the public mind and served to drive home what
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Mahan had tirelessly expounded: For 300 years the heavy warship of the line, built primarily to fight its own kind, had shaped history at sea and with it the world balance of power. On 31 May 1916 this point was proved to the hilt.
Here virtually the whole surface navy of the Kaiser recoiled in flight after some 30 minutes’ confrontation with British dreadnought columns. Germany’s fate rode with its fleet that day, for its admirals, in turning away from the enemy, had lost their chance to interdict the sea communications by which the Allies drew on the world’s resources, and to break the Allied blockade of their fatherland. Thus, the economy of the Central Powers, strangled by the grip of sea power, faltered and collapsed in the rear of its fighting armies, and thereby set them up for the final knockout on land. Jutland, in short, marked the real surrender of the High Seas Fleet; in refusing to seek command of vital
seas, it had lost the reason for its being. Only the formal ratification took place at Scapa How on 21 November 1918.
In the Flow on that day of surrender, the fines of dreadnoughts dwarfed an inconspicuous ship named the Argus. Laid down as an ocean liner, razeed to accommodate a flight deck, and still subjecting her pilots to more than 20 per cent casualties in landings, this first permanent aircraft carrier appeared to pose as little threat to the turreted sea monarchs as a coal hulk—to which, indeed, she bore some resemblance. For many of the onlookers in the Flow, and for many more elsewhere, this viewpoint remained unchanged until the morning of 7 December 1941. Then, within the year, the dreadnought fell dethroned, reduced to the secondary role of anti-aircraft guard for the carrier, the new fiueen of battle; or floating battery for shore bombardment; or furtive commerce raider; or even, in the case of the Japanese dreadnought Yamato, mightiest of all, a seaborne kamikaze. In another 15 years, the dreadnought was no longer to be found in the active fleets of the World.
Such is the story that Richard Hough tells expertly and comprehensively in his fifth, and best, book on the naval past. His sharp delineation of material things, his stirring accounts of battle, and the dramatic stuff of bis chapters should bring Dreadnought a wide reading. The student of naval development Will find it a worthy complement both to Oscar Parkes’ monumental British Battleships (1957) and William Hovgaard’s long out-ofPrint classic Modern History of Warships {1920).
Published in “picture-book” size, Dread- n°ught is superbly illustrated with 180 photographs and additional pages of profile plans reproduced from various editions of Jane’s lighting Ships. C. S. Forester’s introduction turns out to be very good Forester indeed. The ebapters which follow synthesize battleship ore culled from 60 volumes of Jane’s, from JUst about all the naval memoirs which are relevant, and from those top-heavy shelves of engineering journal back numbers that threaten to swamp the researcher who ventures into the field of technological history, they cover every ship classed as a dreadnought, whether battleship or battle cruiser.
bey give the reader fascinating detail on the more significant and famous; they take him through the dreadnought story in each of the “big four” navies of the two World Wars and into the naval construction of France, Russia, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Turkey, each of whom possessed or planned to possess dreadnoughts.
In compressing a half century of capital ships, Mr. Hough’s coverage is necessarily broad. He misses little relating to dreadnoughts, but his breadth of sweep precludes proportionate depth of analysis in every area. Thus, the battle cruiser buff will find mention of that remarkable, above-water, upper tier of boilers in the original Constellation designs of 1917, but not of the engineering considerations (the newly introduced turboelectric drive) that determined so improbable, and, be it said, temporary a location. Nor is any mention made of the open magazine doors in the British battle cruisers at Jutland, the principal cause of the losses suffered, as the Lion’s commanding officer, Admiral of the Fleet Lord Chatfield, still maintains. Nor is there any reference to the heated controversy over the U. S. battleship North Dakota’s magazine location between boiler rooms in the excellent description of the first true American dreadnought, or to the centerline bulkhead and large compartment problem of the original Dreadnought and her questionable stability in battle, as alleged by her commanding and other officers. Some American naval readers will regret that the pioneer work and influence of Lieutenant Commander Homer C. Poundstone, U. S. Navy, in promoting the all-big-gun-ship concept fails of mention. His designs (now in the U. S. Naval Academy Museum) clearly antedated the Dreadnought.
Reviewers light gleefully on occasional errors: The Oklahoma was powered with reciprocating engines, not turbines; she was the last American dreadnought to receive the old-style engines. But Dreadnought is com- mendably free from inaccuracies, remarkably, indeed, for a book so heavily ballasted with factual and statistical data. More to be regretted is the absence of a bibliography. Such criticisms, however, are carping; Dreadnought is the best history of the modern battleship. It is a must for serious students of naval development in the 20th century.
Professional Reading
By Robert M. Langdon
• Now Hear This! (Norton, $3.95) by Rear Admiral Daniel V. Gallery, U. S. Navy (Retired), is an exceedingly amusing, fictional account of the adventures of Chief “Fatso” Gioninni and his pals, all “operators” par excellence, on board the Sixth Fleet aircraft carrier Okinawa. This latest production of “Dan” Gallery is a superb tickler of any funnybone and, as such, ranks favorably with the same author’s Hit the Deck (1951) and the best of the salty humor of Bill Lederer.
• Two recent books of particular value in understanding the Suez crisis and conflict are British Colonel A. J. Barker’s Suez: The Seven Day War (Praeger, $5.95), an excellent, detailed, hour-by-hour, chronological analysis of the military operations, and Canadian Terence Robertson’s Crisis (Atheneum, $6.95), a rather involved account of the high-level British, French, Israeli, Canadian, American, and United Nations goings-on related to the whole Suez problem.
• In Aircraft Carriers in Peace and War (Watts, $5.95), Captain Joseph A. Skiera, U. S. Air Force, has done a good job of pulling together more than three score of the best written accounts covering the history of the U. S. Navy’s aircraft carriers from Eugene Ely and the Pennsylvania to the Cuban crisis of 1962. Also included in this initial volume in the Watts Sea Power Series are some 40 good photographs and an appendix listing all U. S. aircraft carriers with their commissioning dates.
• Britisher William Green is unsurpassed as a compiler of facts and illustrations dealing with military aviation. His dozen or so illustrated handbooks of the war planes of the Second World War are unexcelled in quality. His larger The World’s Fighting Planes (MacDonald, 30/—) is now available in a completely revised fourth edition. While Green gives due attention to the future of aviation, his emphasis is quite properly on combat planes in service or on the threshold of service. This remarkable compilation is packed with facts, figures, drawings, photographs, and current information revealing where and by whom particular aircraft are currently employed—the last service is unique.
• The Journal of Commerce Annual Review 1965 (17 James Street, Liverpool 2, England, $2.50) is a weighty British product dealing with many of the modern world’s shipping problems. Its articles include: “U. S. Shipping’s 1964 Progress and Problems,” “Can British Shipyards Survive?” and “Japanese Yards Plan Increased Domestic Building.” This annual constitutes one of the best over-all summaries of the present and future aspects of ocean shipping. Another shipping annual of major importance is Tanker Directory of the World (John de Graff, 34 Oak Avenue, Tuckahoe, N. Y., $16.00) which does for the tanker what Jane’s does for the fighting ship. The tanker volume carries, in addition to such vital statistics as each tanker’s tonnage, flag, owner, builder, and age, a number of brief, timely articles on such pertinent subjects as “The Japanese Tanker Fleet” and “The Structural Design of Large Tankers.”
• A private research group, the Korean Conflict Research Foundation of 441 State Street, Albany, N. Y., is the publisher of a 10,000-item Korean War Bibliography and Maps of Korea by Carroll H. Blanchard, Jr. This book is the outstanding basic research tool in its field. Unfortunately, the compiler of this admirably organized volume failed to be complete in his listings of articles of naval significance. Those interested in obtaining the book should write to the publisher for further information.
Special postpaid price to members of the U. S. Naval Institute, both regular and associate, is shown in parentheses. Prices subject to change without notice. On orders for Maryland delivery, please add 3 per cent sales tax. These books may be ordered from the
U. S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland
NEW AND CURRENT
$6.50 ($6.50)
$6.00 ($4.80)
$7.50 ($6.00)
Flush Decks and Four Pipes............................................................................................
By Cdr. John D. Alden, USN. “If there has ever been such a thing in the history of the United States Navy as a typically American class of ship, the flush-deck destroyers of World War I came closest to filling the bill.” This is their story. Second in the Sea Power Monograph series. 1965. 108 pages. Illustrated. Bibliography. Paperbound.
Heavy Weather Guide......................................................................................................
By Capt. Edwin T. Harding, USN, and Capt. William J. Kotsch, USN. This guide is a study of the origins, movements, and effects of hurricanes and typhoons. Short and non technical, it provides the knowledge basic to decision making for those at sea, at shore installations, and in cities or in exposed beach areas. 1965. 210 pages. Illustrated.
Shipping in the Port of Annapolis, 1748-1775 .................................................................
By Vaughan W. Brown. A short, scholarly study of the maritime trade in the golden age of one of the many seaports of Colonial America. All ships that entered the port during this period arc listed in the largest of several appendixes. First in the Sea Power Monograph series. 1965. 72 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.
HISTORY—BIOGRAPHY
Aboard the USS Monitor: 1862 ............................................................................................. $6.50 ($5.20)
The letters of Acting Paymaster W. F. Keeler, USN, to his wife, Anna.
Edited by Prof. R. W. Daly, U. S. Naval Academy. 1964. 278 pages. Maps.
Almanac of Naval Facts........................................................................................................ $3.50 ($2.80)
1964. 305 pages. Paperbound.
Amerika Samoa: A History of American Samoa
and Its United States Naval Administration....................................................................... $6.00 ($4.80)
By Capt. J. A. C. Gray, MC, USN. I960. 295 pages. Illustrated.
David Glasgow Farragut
By Prof. C. L. Lewis, U. S. Naval Academy
Vol. I, Admiral in the Making. 1941. 372 pages. Illustrated................................................. $3.75 ($3.00)
Vol. II, Our First Admiral. 1943. 513 pages. Illustrated....................................................... $4.50 ($3.60)
Flush Decks and Four Pipes................................................................................................. $7.50 ($6.00)
By Cdr. John D. Alden, USN. 1965. 108 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.
Garde D’Haiti 1915-1934: Twenty Years of Organization
and Training by the United States Marine Corps.................................................................. $4.50 ($3.60)
Compiled by J. H. McCrocklin. 1956. 262 pages. Illustrated.
Greyhounds of the Sea........................................................................................................... $12.50 ($10.00)
By C. C. Cutler. 1961. 592 pages. 63 illustrations, 3 in full color, 26 sets of ships’ lines and sail plans. Special Price—Queens of the Western Ocean and Greyhounds of the Sea, both volumes as a set........................................................ $20.00 ($16.00)
The Henry Huddleston Rogers Collection of Ship Models.............................................. $3.00.. ($2.40)
U. S. Naval Academy Museum, 2nd Ed., 1958. 117 pages. Illustrated.
John Paul Jones: Fighter for Freedom and Glory........................................................... $6.00.. ($4.80)
By Lincoln Lorenz. 1943. 846 pages. Illustrated.
Lion Six..................................................................................................................................... $2-50.. ($2.00)
By Capt. D. H. Hammer, USNR. The story of the building of the great Naval Operating Base at Guam. 1947. 109 pages. Illustrated.
A Long Line of Ships................................................................................................................. $5.00.. ($4.00)
By Lt. Cdr. A. S. Lott, USN. Mare Island Centennial Volume. 1954. 268 pages. Illustrated.
My Life...................................................................................................................................... $6.00.. ($4.80)
By Admiral Erich Raeder, German Navy. 1960. 430 pages. Illustrated.
Queens of the Western Ocean................................................................................................ $12.50 ($10.00)
By C. C. Cutler, 1961. 672 pages. 69 illustrations. 10 sets of ships’ lines and sail plans. Special Price—Queens of the Western Ocean and Greyhounds of the Sea, both volumes as a set................................................................................ $20.00 ($16.00)
Round-Shot to Rockets............................................................................................................... $3.00 ($2.40)
By Taylor Peck. A history of the Washington Navy Yard and U. S. Naval Gun Factory. 1949. 267 pages. Illustrated.
Sailing and Small Craft Down the Ages...................................................................... $8.50 ($6.80)
By E. L. Bloomster. 1940. 280 pages. 425 silhouette drawings. Trade edition.
Sea of the Bear.......................................................................................................................... $5.00 ($4.00)
By Lt. Cdr. M. A. Ransom, USCG (Ret.), with Eloise Engle. 1964, 119 pages.
Illustrated.
Shipping in the Port of Annapolis, 1748-1775 ............................................................. $6.50 ($6.50)
By V. W. Brown. 1965. 72 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.
Ships of the United States Navy and Their Sponsors
Vol. IV—1950-1958 ................................................................................................................ $10.00 ($8.00)
Compiled by Keith Frazier Somerville and Harriotte W. B. Smith. 1959. 291 pages. Illustrated.
Soldiers of the Sea................................................................................................................. $14.00 ($11.20)
By Col. R. D. Heinl, Jr., USMC. A definitive history of the U. S. Marine Corps, 1775-1962. 695 pages. Illustrated.
Thence Round Cape Horn...................................................................................................... $7.50 ($6.00)
by R. E. Johnson. This is the story of the U. S. Naval Forces in the Pacific Ocean during the period 1818-1923. 276 pages. Illustrated.
Uniforms of the Sea Services.................................................................................................. $24.50 ($19.60)
By Col. R. H. Rankin, USMC. 1962. 328 pages. Special Collector’s copies, signed by the author—$30.00
The United States Coast Guard, 1790-1915 ........................................................................ $5.00 ($4.00)
By Capt. S. H. Evans, USCG. A definitive history (With a Postscript: 19151949). 1949. 228 pages. Illustrated.
WORLD WAR II—KOREA (U. S.)
Most Dangerous Sea.............................................................................................................. $6.00 ($4.80)
By Lt. Cdr. A. S. Lott, USN. 1959. 322 pages. Illustrated.
The Sea War in Korea........................................................................................................... $6.00 ($4.80)
By Cdr. M. W. Cagle, USN, and Cdr. F. A. Manson, USN. 1957. 555 pages.
Illustrated.
The United States Coast Guard in World War II.................................................................. $6.00 ($4.80)
By M. F. Willoughby. 1957. 347 pages. Illustrated.
United States Destroyer Operations in World War II............................................................ $10.00 ($8.00)
By Theodore Roscoe. 1953. 581 pages. Illustrated.
United States Submarine Operations in World War II.......................................................... $10.00 ($8.00)
By Theodore Roscoe. 1949. 577 pages. Illustrated.
Special Price—2-volume set: Destroyer and Submarine books .... $17.50 ($14.00)
World war ii—(other nations)
The French Navy in World War II......................................................................................... $6.00 ($4.80)
By Rear Adm. Paul Auphan, French Navy (Ret.), and Jacques Mordal.
Translated by Capt. A. C. J. Sabalot, USN (Ret.), 1959. 413 pages. Illustrated.
The Hunters and the Hunted................................................................................................ $3.50 ($2.80)
By Rear Adm. Aldo Cocchia, Italian Navy (Reserve). 1958. 180 pages. Illustrated.
The Italian Navy in World War II......................................................................................... $5.75 ($4.60)
By Cdr. Marc’Antonio Bragadin, Italian Navy. 1957. 380 pages. Illustrated.
Midway, The Battle That Doomed Japan, The Japanese Navy’s Story .... $4.50 ($3.60)
By Mitsuo Fuchida and Masatake Okumiya, former Imperial Japanese Navy.
Edited by Roger Pineau and Clarke Kawakami. 1955. 266 pages. Illustrated.
White Ensign, The British Navy at War, 1939-1945 ............................................................ $4.50 ($3.60)
By Capt. S. W. Roskill, D.S.C., RN (Ret.), 1960. 480 pages. Illustrated.
SEA POWER
Air Operations in Naval Warfare Reading Supplement......................................................... $2.00 ($1.60)
Edited by Cdr. W. C. Blattmann, USN. 1957. 185 pages. Paperbound.
Geography and National Power............................................................................................. $3.50 ($2.80)
Edited by Prof. W. W. Jeffries, U. S. Naval Academy. 3rd Ed., 1962. 180 pages. Paperbound.
Naval Logistics........................................................................................................................ $7.50 ($6.00)
By Vice Adm. G. C. Dyer, USN (Ret.). 2nd Ed., 1962. 367 pages. Illustrated.
Naval Review 1962-1963 $10.00 ($8.00)
14 essays. 3 appendixes. 1962. 373 pages. Illustrated. Maps.
Naval Review 1964 ................................................................................................................. $10.00 ($8.00)
12 essays. 5 appendixes. 1963. 393 pages. Illustrated. Maps.
Naval Review 1965 ............................................................................................. $12.50 ($10.00)
12 essays. 3 appendixes. 1964. 407 pages. Illustrated. Maps.
SEAMANSHIP
The Art of Knotting and Splicing................................................................................................ $5.00 $(4.00)
By Cyrus Day. Step-by-step pictures and text. 2nd Ed., 1955. 224 pages.
Heavy Weather Guide................................................................................................................ $6.00 ($4.80)
By Capt. Edwin T. Harding, USN, and Capt. William J. Kotsch, USN. 1965.
210 pages. Illustrated.
Naval Shiphandling................................................................................................................... $7.00 ($5.60)
By Capt. R. S. Crenshaw, Jr., USN. 2nd Ed., 1960. 529 pages. Illustrated
NAVIGATION—PILOTING
Dutton’s Navigation and Piloting............................................................................................... $8.00 ($6.40)
Prepared by Cdr. J. C. Hill, II, USN. Lt. Cdr. T. F. Utegaard, USN, and Gerard Riordan. (A completely rewritten text which supplants Navigation and Nautical Astronomy.) 1st Ed., 1958. 771 pages. Illustrated.
Practical Manual of the Compass...................................................................... ... $3.60 ($2.88)
By Capt. Harris Laning, USN, and Lt. Cdr. H. D. McGuire, USN. 1921. 173 pages. Illustrated.
The Rules of the Nautical Road............................................................................................. $7.00 ($5.60)
By Capt. R. F. Farwell, USNR. Revised by Lt. Alfred Prunski, USCG. 3rd Ed., 1954. 536 pages. Illustrated.
Simplified Rules of the Nautical Road........................................................................................ $2.00 ($1.60)
By Lt. O. W. Will, III, USN. 1962. 112 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.
PROFESSIONAL HANDBOOKS
The Bluejackets’ Manual, U. S. Navy......................................................................................... $2.60 ($2.08)
Revised by Capt. J. V. Noel, Jr., USN, and W. J. Miller, JOCM, USN (FR).
17th Ed., 1964. 684 pages. Illustrated.
The Coast Guardsman’s Manual............................................................................................... $4.75 ($3.80)
Prepared under the supervision of The Chief, Training and Procurement Division, Commandant, U. S. Coast Guard. Original edition prepared by Capt. W. C. Hogan, USCG. 4th Ed., 1964. 885 pages. Illustrated.
Division Officer’s Guide.............................................................................................................. $3.00 ($2.40)
By Capt. J. V. Noel. Jr., USN. 5th Ed., 1962. 282 pages.
The Marine Officer’s Guide......................................................................................................... $7.50 ($6.00)
Revised by Col. R. D. Heinl, Jr. USMC (Ret.). 2nd Ed., 1964. 614 pages.
Illustrated.
The Naval Aviator’s Guide......................................................................................................... $6.50 ($5.20)
By Capt. M. W. Cagle, USN. 1963. 305 pages. Illustrated.
The Naval Officer’s Guide.......................................................................................................... $7.75 ($6.20)
By Rear Adm. A. A. Ageton, USN (Ret.), with Rear Adm. W. P. Mack, USN.
6th Ed., 1964. 650 pages. Illustrated.
Studies in Guerrilla Warfare...................................................................................................... $2.50 ($2.00)
Studies written by experts in the field. Originally published as articles in the Proceedings. 1963. 89 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.
Watch Officer’s Guide................................................................................................................. $3.00 ($2.40)
Revised by Capt. J. V. Noel, Jr., USN. 9th Ed., 1961. 302 pages. Illustrated.
LEADERSHIP
Naval Leadership, 2nd edition................................................................................................ $4.50 ($3.60)
Compiled by Cdr. M. E. Wolfe, USN, Capt. F. J. Mulholland, USMC, Cdr.
J. M. Laudenslager, MSC, USNR, Lt. H. J. Connery, MSC, USN, R. Adm.
Bruce McCandless, USN (Ret.), and Assoc. Prof. G. J. Mann. 1959. 301 pages.
Naval Leadership, 1st edition.................................................................................................. $3.00 ($2.40)
Prepared at the U. S. Naval Academy for midshipmen. 1949. 324 pages.
Selected Readings in Leadership................................................................................................ $2.50 ($2.00)
Compiled by Cdr. M. E. Wolfe, USN, and Capt. F. J. Mulholland, USMC.
Revised by Leadership Committee, Command Department, U. S. Naval Academy. I960. 126 pages. Paperbound.
engineering
Descriptive Analysis of Naval Turbine Propulsion Plants...................................................... $6.00 ($4.80)
By Cdr. C. N. Payne, USN. 1958. 187 pages. Illustrated.
Fundamentals of Construction and Stability of Naval Ships.................................................. $6.00 ($4.80)
By Prof. T. C. Gillmer, U. S. Naval Academy. 2nd Ed., 1959. 373 pages.
Illustrated.
Internal Combustion Engines.................................................................................................... $6.00 ($4.80)
By Cdr. P. W. Gill, USN, Cdr. J. H. Smith, Jr„ USN, and Prof. E. J. Ziurys.
4th Ed., 1959. 570 pages. Illustrated.
Introduction to Marine Engineering........................................................................................... $6.00 ($4.80)
By Prof. R. F. Latham, U. S. Naval Academy. 1958. 208 pages. Illustrated.
SCIENCES
Elements of Applied Thermodynamics....................................................................................... $5.00 ($4.00)
By Prof. R. M. Johnston, Capt. W. A. Brockett, USN, and Prof. A. E. Bock.
3rd Ed., 1958. 496 pages. Illustrated.
Fundamentals of Sonar.......................................................................................................... $10.00 ($8.00)
By Dr. J. W. Horton. 2nd Ed., 1959. 417 pages. Illustrated.
The Human Machine, Biological Science for the Armed Services................................................. $5.00 ($4.00)
By Capt. C. W. Shilling, NIC, USN. 292 pages. Illustrated.
Logarithmic and Trigonometric Tables...................................................................................... $1.65 ($1.32)
By the Department of Mathematics, U. S. Naval Academy. 1945. 89 pages.
Marine Fouling and Its Prevention.......................................................................................... $10.00 ($8.00)
Prepared for Bureau of Ships, Navy Department, by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 1952. 388 pages. Illustrated.
Ocean Sciences........................................................................................................................ $10.00 ($8.00)
Edited by Capt. E. J. Long, USNR (Ret.). 1964. 304 pages. Illustrated.
The Rule of Nine......................................................................................................................... $.75 ($.60)
By William Wallace, Jr. An easy, speedy way to check addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 1959. 27 pages. Paperbound.
LAW
A Brief History of Courts-Martial................................................................................................ $.50 ($.40)
By Brig. Gen. James Snedeker, USMC (Ret.). 1954. 65 pages. Paperbound.
International Law for Seagoing Officers..................................................................................... $6.00 ($4.80)
By Cdr. B. H. Brittin, USN, and Dr. Liselotte B. Watson. 2nd Ed., 1960.
318 pages. Illustrated.
Military Law............................................................................................................................. $2.00 ($1.60)
Compiled by Capt. J. K. Taussig, Jr., USN (Ret.), and Cdr. H. B. Sweitzer,
USN. Revised and edited by Cdr. M. E. Wolfe, USN, and Lt. Cdr. R. I.
U. S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
Copies Price
$
Gulick, USN. Revised by Lt. Cdr. J. W. Des Jardin, USN. 2nd Ed., 1963. 94 pages.
TOTAL $
(For delivery in Maryland, please add 3% tax)
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LANGUAGES
Introduction to Brazilian Portuguese....................................................................................... $4.50
By Assoc. Prof. J. Riccio, U. S. Naval Academy. 1957. 299 pages. Paperbound.
Russian Conversation and Grammar, 3rd edition, 1960 By Prof. C. P. Lemieux, U. S. Naval Academy
Vol. One—109 pages. Paperbound.............................................................................................. $2.50
Vol. Two—121 pages. Paperbound.............................................................................................. $2.50
Russian Supplement to Naval Phraseology................................................................................ $4.00
By Prof. C. P. Lemieux, U. S. Naval Academy. 2nd Ed., 1954. 140 pages.
SERVICE LIFE
The Best of Taste, The Finest Food of Fifteen Nations............................................................... $5.00
Edited by the SACLANT-NATO Cookbook Committee. 1957. 241 panes. Illustrated.
Naval Customs, Traditions, and Usage...................................................................................... $6.50
By Vice Adm. L. P. Lovette, USN (Ret.). 4th Ed., 1959. 358 pages. Illustrated.
Prayers at Sea........................................................................................................................... $3.50
By Chaplain Joseph F. Parker, USN.
The Sailor’s Wife........................................................................................................................ $1.50
By Lucy Wright. 1962. 112 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.
Service Etiquette......................................................................................................................... $6.50
By Capt. Brooks J. Hartal, USN, and Oretha D. Swartz.
Revised by Oretha I). Swartz. 2nd Ed., 1963. 450 pages. Illustrated.
Welcome Aboard......................................................................................................................... $6.00
By Florence Ridgely Johnson. A guide for the naval officer's bride. 6th Ed.,
1964. 264 pages.
($3.60)
($2.00)
($2.00)
($3.20)
SPORTS—ATHLETICS
Physical Education Series—V-5 Association of America
Revised. 1950. 288 pages Championship Wrestling 1964. 230 pages. Conditioning Exercises
3rd Ed., 1960. 275 pages, Gymnastics and Tumbling 2nd Revised Ed., 1959. 414 pages.
Hand to Hand Combat
1943. 228 pages.
$4.00
. $4.00 | ($3.20) | How to Survive on Land and Sea . . . |
| $4.00 |
. $4.50 | ($3.60) | 2nd Revised Ed., 366 pages. | 1956. |
|
. $4.50 | ($3.60) | Intramural Programs . Revised, 1950. 249 | pages. | $4.00 |
|
| Soccer .......................... | $4.50 | |
. $4.50 | ($3.60) | 3rd Ed., 1961. 172 | pages. | |
|
| Swimming and Diving | $4.50 | |
1963.152 |
| 3rd Ed., 1962. 345 | pages. |
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Squash Racquets................................................................................................................ $1 60
By Cdr. A. M. Potter, USNR. 1958. 50 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.
U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY
Annapolis Today...................................................................................... $6 00
By Kendall Banning. Revised by A. Stuart Pitt. 1963. 329 pages. Illustrated.
The Book of Navy Songs . . . ..................................... $3 00
Compiled by the Trident Society of the Naval Academy. 160 pages. Illustrated.
Sold only to Midshipmen and Naval Institute members.
The Prayer of a Midshipman............................................................................................... $ 25
The midshipman’s prayer printed on quality paper, suitable for framing.
Reef Points
The Handbook of the Brigade of Midshipmen, 1964-1965 ..................................................
Compiled by the Reef Points Staff of the Trident Society.
PROCEEDINGS COVER PAINTINGS
$1.35
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Full-color reproductions, 26 y 22 inches, suitable for framing:
USS Enterprise (June 1962) by C. G. Evers............................................................. $5.00
USS Bainbridge (November 1962) by C. G. Evers............................................. $5 00
USS Thresher (March 1964) by C. G. Evers....................................................... ’ $5,00
(No discount on Thresher prints. All proceeds to Thresher Fund.)
USS Long Beach (August 1964) by C. G. Evers....................................................... $5.00
Flying Cloud (April 1964) by Warren Sheppard................................................ ’ $5^0
Full-color reproductions, printed on 13 x 13-inch mat, as they appeared on the Proceedings for 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959.' Complete set of 12 for any year listed........................................................ ' . . . . $2.50 ($2.00)
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