Book Reviews and Book List

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Decision at the Chesapeake

By Harold A. Larrabee. New York: Clark­son N. Potter, 1964. 317 pages. $5.00.

The Seafarers

By Robert Carse. New York: Harper and

Row, 1964. 306 pages. $5.95.

REVIEWED BY

Commander Walter Muir Whitehill,

U. S. Naval Reserve (Retired)

(Commander Whitehill is director oj the Library oj the

Boston Athenaeum.)

Decision at the Chesapeake is a thorough, care­fully documented account of the engagement of 5 September 1781, off the Capes of Virginia between British under Rear Admiral Thomas Graves and the French forces of Comte de Grasse. The engagement precipitated the sur­render of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown and determined the outcome of the American Revolution.

Some 20 years ago the late Commodore Dudley W. Knox, U. S. Navy (Retired), caused the Naval Historical Foundation to re­produce (with brief commentary by him) a French manuscript map showing the strategi­cal situation at Yorktown.* The map empha­sized the part played by sea power in ending the War, but only now has this decisive action received the detailed study that it deserves. It has come about in a curious way.

* The map and a commentary by Commodore Knox appear in the U. S. Naval Institute Proceed­ings, August 1945, pp. 952-953.

Decision at the Chesapeake: This view of the action, painted by Theo­dore Gudin (1802-1880), shows a French detachment on the left and the rear of the British line on the right.

hlusce dc Versailles

Forty years ago, when Professor Larrabee was in France writing a doctoral dissertation on the philosophy of Henri de Saint-Simon (the Saint-Simonian), he was struck by the fact that three members of the Saint-Simon family—a marquis, a baron, and a count— were present at the Battle of Yorktown. This inspired a peripheral interest in French col­laboration in the American Revolution, which stayed with Professor Larrabee during his years as a teacher of philosophy at Union College, Schenectady, New York. Now in re­tirement, he has used his new leisure for an intensive resumption of historical research with this admirable result. The handsome and distinguished manner in which this philoso­pher has turned naval historian should com­fort those who gloomily fear that American academic life has been channeled into in­creasingly narrow fields of specialization. Professor Larrabee is entirely at home in his subject. Readers will readily subscribe to Rear Admiral Samuel Eliot Morison’s com­ment (quoted on the jacket) that this book is

V,

de

the best tactical account of the Battle I have ever read.”

It is, in addition, much more than that. Professor Larrabee devotes 17 of his 25 chap­ters to setting the stage and introducing the eharacters—not only those who carried out the tactics, but the authors of the strategies ^and national policies that eventually brought Graves and de Grasse into combat and led to ’•he final victory of the American-French Alliance. Kings, ministers, and generals are treated as thoroughly as the admirals, often 'vith illuminating comments on the manner ^ln which their personal traits and circum­stances affected their performance of duty. r°ur chapters consider the “architects of defeat”: George III; Lords North, Germain, ^atld Sandwich; Generals Clinton and Corn- tvallis; and Admirals Rodney, Hood, and Graves. Three other chapters discuss the ^architects of victory”: Louis XVI, Choiseul,

^ergennes, Lafayette, Rochambeau Grasse, and Washington.

Thus, when the curtain rises off Cape

Henry on the morning of 5 September 1781, the reader knows who the actors are, and he is able to appreciate and understand their per­formance. Quotations from contemporary participants lend vividness to the narrative, which explains with clarity the relation of the engagement to the operations of the British and American armies. Decision at the Chesa­peake could be read with profit and pleasure by any member of the Naval Institute.

The Seafarers is a very different book, writ­ten by the prolific author of eight novels, eight juveniles, and nine non-fiction works. The sub-title, A History of Maritime America 1620­1820, is scarcely accurate, for the 19 chapters are a structureless mishmash of picturesque anecdote, with copious and often irrelevant detail, totally undocumented, and equally free of any historical structure.

M. I. Finley, discussing the Homeric poems in The Ancient Greeks, observed: “As any his­torical novelist (or historian) knows, it is easier to describe the externals of a past age than to get inside the people themselves, into their thoughts and feelings. The bards had an advantage in this respect in the large stock of inherited ‘formulas’—standard phrases and lines—which were their professional tools. Nevertheless, they could not really think in the past.” Nor, for that matter, can Mr. Garse, whose work is marred by factual inaccuracies as well. One can attribute to careless writing or proofreading the placing of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 in 1689, of the statements that “Congress established the Navy Depart­ment on May 3, 1789, and President Adams appointed Benjamin Stoddert as the Secre­tary of the Navy,” but it takes downright ignorance to have 18 th century Boston mer­chants building “their handsome houses along the narrow, winding Boston streets around Louisburg Square,” when that Square was built in the 1830s and 1840s, in a purely 19th century real estate development character­ized by wide and straight streets.

The Passion of the Hawks

By Tristam Coffin, New York: Macmillan,

1964. 280 pages. $5.95.

REVIEWED BY

Captain John V. Noel, Jr., U. S. Navy

{Captain Noel is currently U. S. Naval Attache in

Paris. He is a frequent contributor to the Proceedings

and the author of several books on naval subjects.)

Anti-militarism is a historic and familiar characteristic of life in the United States. The nation’s founding fathers, for the most part, had a profound dislike of the incessant wars that had swept Europe for centuries, and many of the early settlers came to the Colonies to escape military service. The Constitution, significantly, forbids soldiers to be “quartered in any house without the consent of the owner.” The United States grew strong and rich during the 19th century with only a Civil War to break the peace after 1815 until almost the end of the century.

Mr. Coffin’s shrill diatribe against mili­tarism in America is nothing new as far as its theme is concerned. Since war is hell, he concludes that those concerned with war are evil. Well-known military extremists, such as General of the Army Douglas MacArthur and Major General Edwin Walker, are quoted with glee, and from what they say, often taken out of context, an indictment of American military men is attempted.

After several chapters devoted to establish­ing the author’s thesis that Americans are his­torically a violence-loving, militaristic people, there is a remarkable essay on “The Military Mystique.” Statistics are presented to show that many service academy students are sons of officers. Then the curious judgment is made that this is contrary to the public in­terest. Disparaging opinions are expressed as to the value of the service academies, and to support these opinions, the experiences of General Matthew Ridgway, U. S. Army (Re­tired), during his plebe year in 1913 are re­called. Vice Admiral Hyman Rickover, U. S. Navy (Retired), is another “authority” on the service academies whose derogatory opin­ions are quoted with relish. The author is not content to quote someone (often an obscure newspaperman) and then to draw quite un­substantiated conclusions from such quota­tions; he also adds parenthetical remarks of sweeping and categorical affirmation. For example, the following paragraph is uncon­nected to anything that precedes or follows:

The same year, 1962, Navy was accused of using unnecessary deceit in a sleeper play against Pitt. Academy coach Wayne Hardin replied, “We didn’t mean to deceive, con­nive or cheat. If this has happened I apolo­gize.” (Some admirals would regard this apology as unmanly.)

In another chapter, called “The Military Welfare State,” Mr. Coffin inveighs against military justice, and brings up all the tired old chestnuts of military miscarriages of justice which, even if true, are no longer relevant- Here is the final paragraph of the next chapter, “The Peacetime Soldier”:

This is the world of the peacetime soldier— parades, conspiracies, games, lectures on Communism, flattering the queen, and yawn­ing. It is just possible there are some who would prefer being shot on the batdefield to being bored to death.

Not only is this an absurd oversimplification, but the sudden and inexplicable reference to a queen does not make sense.

There are other chapters on the military and industry, the military and the scientists, and the like, full of quotations from dubious sources, usually on something specific, from which broad generalizations are made.

It is not the subject matter of this poorly organized, badly written book that impresses one; rather, it is the fact that a reputable pub­lisher would present this tattered collection of oft-told tales as a serious work on militarism- In this subject area, so vast, so important, and so largely unexploited by scholars, The Passion of the Hawks is simply an expanded Sunday newspaper supplement article.

BOOK ORDER SERVICE

Regular and Associate Members may save by or­dering books of other publishers through the Naval Institute. A discount of 10 per cent is allowed on such books (except on foreign and government publica­tions, and on books on which publishers do not give a discount). Allow reasonable time for orders to be cleared and books to be delivered directly to you by publishers. Address the Book Order Department, U. S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland.

RECENT OCEANOGRAPHIC LITERATURE

Reviewed by Commander Robert D. Plunkett, U. S. Navy (Retired). (Commander Plunkett holds a master’s degree in oceanography jrom the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Prior to his relire- ^rrierd in 1964 he served in a variety of Navy oceanographic billets.)

Slowly, but with certainty, a finer sense of the importance of environmental knowledge ^ls being worked into the curricula of anti­^submarine warfare training establishments in ^lhe Navy. This slow but certain change is being followed with the improvement of staff ^c°mpetency to instruct at all levels in ocean- °§raphy. With this increasing expenditure of ^tltTle and effort, the future graduates of such schools will be better tutored in this vital area than any of their predecessors, but time is Precious and the time for better understand- ^lng of the ocean environment is now. This ^fact alone necessitates that each naval officer should follow a program of self-instruction to his own level of capability commensurate with his own particular background.

For years, The Oceans (1942) by Sverdrup, Johnson, and Fleming has been the only real text to which oceanographic aspirants could b^e guided. Too often, however, the complex­ly and technical depth of this text have been t>sed as an excuse not to read the book by officers whose university training had not led them along purely technical lines. Perhaps there is still some validity in this excuse, how­ever it no longer can be held as cogent reason h^Jr avoiding further study in oceanography. J^he U. S. Navy Correspondence Course penter has responded to the need by develop- ^lng two courses, and the publishing houses of the United States have been placing new and ^excellent texts on the market. To fullfill the ptimate description of John Paul Jones’ Capable mariner,” it seems only prudent that every naval officer should understand the environment on which he sails, in which he Marches, and wherein lies his potential enemy.

this end, a review of recent available litera­ture in the oceanographic field is essential, if the officer is to be directed to the information he needs.

Available with perhaps the least effort and ^Certainly at the lowest possible cost to the in­dividual are the Navy correspondence courses.

General Oceanography” (NavPers 10417) Consists of five assignments and uses Frontiers of

the Sea by Robert C. Cowen as its basic text This book, published by Doubleday in 1960 was one of the first oceanographic texts made available to shipboard and shore-based librar­ies by the Bureau of Naval Personnel. The course itself is described as “a comprehensive introduction to the science of oceanography, including historical development, underwater geography, geology, currents, tidal waves, coral reef formation, and marine flora and fauna.” It is questionable whether any course based on a text written as a popularization of a complex science can be called “compre­hensive,” however it does provide the intro­ductory material so vital to a full apprecia­tion of the magnitude of the problems yet to be resolved.

A course which should be received most warmly by those in the arena of antisubma­rine warfare is “Oceanography in Antisubma­rine Warfare” (NavPers 10418). It uses Appli­cation of Oceanography to Antisubmarine Warfare, H.O. 781, first published in 1961, as a basic text. This is the same material that is used in officer and enlisted instruction in ASW schools. A full discussion of the contents of this publication is precluded by its confidential classification, but the course “covers those aspects of oceanography having particular applicability to antisubmarine warfare.” A partial list of topics includes ice conditions, waves and surf, currents, marine climatology underwater sound transmission, operational aspects of ASW, air, surface, and subsurface operations, and oceanographic factors affect­ing nuclear explosions.” Included in this extremely well-written and particularly per­tinent text is a 32-page list of references which can lead the more inquisitive student to a pro­found appreciation of the ASW/oceanography interface.

Among the many publications from Ameri­can publishers is Exploring the Secrets of the Sea by William J. Cromie, a Prentice-Hall book published in 1962. Written for the lay reader by a well-qualified scientist, the book covers a tremendous amount of material. Even though only a small segment of each important area is touched upon, Mr. Cromie has accom­plished an exceptionally good summarization. His continual reference to present-day ships and workers in the field of oceanography brings today’s oceanographic effort into sharp focus. He dwells less on the accomplish­ments of the historical cruises of the past, thus providing the reader with current informa­tion which should intrigue the more interested to the point of planning further study. The text is well illustrated with drawings by George Geygan and photographs.

Spanning the gap which has existed be­tween the popularization of oceanography and the various technical texts is a very recent entry in the oceanographic literature field, Ocean Sciences published by the Naval Insti­tute in 1964. Dr. Roger Revelle’s introduction to Ocean Sciences, should serve admirably to provide answers to those who oft times nettle the oceanographer by asking “why” such studies are required. Authored by 18 notables in U. S. oceanography, representing both the civil and the military perspective, Ocean Sci­ences is an important addition to oceano­graphic literature. As might be expected with such diversified authorship, the book’s conti­nuity suffers somewhat. Another result of this type of authorship is that some of the subject matter shines with free-ranging philosophy and erudite description while other subjects are presented with almost painful simplicity. The unique material in this book includes the description of governmental organization for monitoring oceanographic progress. The detailed presentation of the problems included in this complex science, techniques proposed for their solution, and details of the organiza­tion which will, hopefully, move toward proper solutions provides an outstanding one- volume information source for the naval officer, for industry, and for the general public. In this regard the book’s appendixes on oceanographic research organizations, and research vessels of the world are most useful. The student of oceanography will find much to pique his interest, but must turn to the technical texts to continue his quest for under­standing.

Oceanography, An Introduction to the Marine Sciences by Jerome Williams, published by Little, Brown in 1962, was produced by a staff member of the U. S. Naval Academy and is based on notes used by the author in a three- semester course for Academy midshipmen. It is truly one of the first “introductory” texts on this subject. There is nothing in the text to confuse or mystify the uninitiated, yet the coverage is adequate throughout. It certainly does not fulfill the same area of need as The Oceans, but it is a remarkably good first step for those just beginning to learn to walk in this field. To soothe the sensitive nature of those readers with less than a mathematics degree, Mr. Williams’ text depends on very basic mathematics, with reasonable equations. Slightly more than 20 of the book’s 227 pages are devoted to such mathematics. Addi­tionally, the text has strong natural leanings toward naval applications. For the student, a number of exe cises are provided and ma­terial is cited for further research in each area. This book should be considered a must in all Navy libraries.

One problem which characteristically plagues oceanographic authors is the one of over-emphasis of their own specific specialty or background in writings covering the broad field. In writing Introduction to Oceanography, published in the United States in 1963 by McGraw-Hill, C. A. M. King, a professor at the University of Nottingham and a geologist, has attempted to avoid this shortcoming- Nevertheless, she does seem to be more elo­quent in the geological sections and in dis­cussing the associated technologies. About one-third of the text is given over to these subjects. She has, however, been able to avoid the complications of mathematics by using an even sharper scalpel then does Mr. Williams where equations are concerned. Even fewer pages of mathematical analysis are found in this text, which, including an excellent glossary, runs to more than 300 pages. The sections on currents and waves are particu­larly conspicuous in their lack of mathe­matical treatment.

Naval officers should not avoid this text because of its geological slant. In view of the importance of submarine geology on the ASW problems of today, particularly with regard to long-range sound propagation modes, the beginning oceanographer might well con­sider the addition of this text to his library so that his viewpoint may be a bit broader than

that provided solely by Mr. Williams’ work.

In addition to the basic texts a new text, produced by Interscience Publishers, a divi­sion of John Wiley and Sons, has recently been released. General Oceanography (1963) by Gunter Dietrich and F. Ostapoff is probably the best general oceanographic text to reach American readers since The Oceans. The newer book does not cover the material in the same depth as does The Oceans, but it does compre­hensively cover a wide range of reader re­quirements. The translator of General Ocean­ography indicates in his preface that “more emphasis has been placed on an accurate re­production of the ideas presented by the au­thors than on elegance in style,” but regard­less of any possible loss in translation it is apparent that the text was well written. A cursory glance through the book might lead to an erroneous opinion that an emphasis on mathematical treatment may deter the more timid soul. A thorough reading, however, proves that it is reasonably easy to under­stand. For the military reader, basic acoustical Properties of the medium are succinctly but adequately discussed with the effects of tem­perature, salinity, and pressure clearly dia­grammed. The entire chapter on physical and chemical properties of sea water is particu­larly well done. In summary, perhaps the outstanding section of the entire text is the section on regional oceanography. Introduced by an exceptionally well-phrased, one-page overview of the “Principles of Conception,” Which clearly defines oceanography, its as­signed tasks and its problems, this section is of major interest to the naval officer. It provides him a clear picture of his world ocean en­vironment in one small readable package.

Dr. Von Arx makes no pretense. He is a physical oceanographer, and his text is so written. On the market since 1962, his Intro­duction to Physical Oceanography, an Addison- Wesley publication, is designed for the compe­tent scientist, and introduces the scientist to the field of physical oceanography. Because his own field of primary interest centers on oceanic circulation, his text is so centered. Only a small section of this volume is given to such subjects as the distribution of variables in the sea. Some 20 pages of the 350-page volume are used to summarize this area, but a more than adequate list of references and supple­mentary reading is provided. Each chapter, except his introductory chapter on “Early Exploration and Ideas” and his final chapter on “The Gulf Stream Problem,” ends with a fine series of study problems. This makes this contribution to the literature a superb study text for those intellectually equipped and sincerely motivated.

In light of the Navy’s primary concern with physical oceanography, the two volumes of Physical Oceanography written by Albert Defant and published by Pergamon Press in 1961, are essential reference material for shore- based libraries. The use these books might receive at sea would most probably not sub­stantiate the quite sizable expenditure re­quired to acquire them. It is noteworthy that, although the author is a professor at the University of Innsbruck, University of Ham­burg, and the Free University, Berlin, the English-language version was supported by the U. S. Navy’s Office of Naval Research.

As might be expected in a two-volume set

Knowledge of the oceans is be­coming an increasing require­ment for naval officers. One of the latest devices for obtaining information about the depths of the sea is the "fish,” a deep- submergence camera rig shown here being lowered from the USNS Mizar (T-AGOR-11). The protruding, pipe-like de­vice is a magnetometer. The rig is towed at about one knot and has three cameras which can take a composite photo of the ocean floor showing an area about 20 feet by 100 feet.

covering only one of the disciplines of oceanog­raphy, and covering some 1,200 pages, the material is quite comprehensive with full mathematical treatment in every area essen­tial for fullest description and understanding. The broad scope of the volumes make it sur­prising that acoustical properties of the oceans and sound propagation are not men­tioned. However, the basic parameters of sound propagation receive full treatment. The second volume of the set is devoted entirely to waves and tides and associated currents, in­cluding internal waves. The 1961 publication date might lead one to question why the efforts in this particular field by E. C. LaFond and his associates at the Navy Electronics Laboratory receive no mention, despite the fact that their work has been in progress for a number of years and has received the notice of other authors. The effect of internal waves on sound propagation is still a fertile field for study, and for this reason some familiarity with the characteristics of this phenomena should be the object of any naval student of the science.

The production of an up-to-date text in oceanography, truly comprehensive and com­parable to The Oceans, has been considered necessary for a long time. This is particularly true when one considers the 1942 publication date of that work. Various suggestions on how to accomplish this work have culminated in the publication of a three-volume series entitled The Sea by the Interscience Pub­lishers Division of John Wiley and Sons. Basi­cally, this set updates The Oceans, presenting ideas and observations in this vast field of study during the past 20 years. Each volume contains papers written by the most eminent authorities in each discipline. Volume I is sub­titled Physical Oceanography and concentrates specifically on that area of study. It is a compilation of more than 25 separate papers including the efforts of more than 30 well- known authors of various nationalities. Up­dated information on all phases of physical oceanography from fundamentals through the most sophisticated aspects is presented. A 167-page section on transmission of energy in the sea, including three separate papers on sound in the sea, make it the most pertinent volume from the viewpoint of the ASW stu­dent. Referring again to the subject of internal waves, it is noteworthy that E. G. LaFond has contributed a 20-page section on internal waves to this volume.

Volume II is composed of two separate areas of study, if one can really separate areas of oceanographic interest. They are subtitled Composition of Sea Water and Comparative and Descriptive Oceanography. The latter subsection contains a wealth of recent material on ocean circulation and an interesting paper by Dr- R. S. Dietz on bathyscaphs and other deep submersibles used for oceanographic research. The ASW student should dwell long and hard on such information, for though many feel that the submariner has already made his giant step forward with the introduction of nuclear power and high submerged speed, still others feel that a second step of similar magnitude is just over the horizon. When sub­mariners can freely use even 50 per cent of the ocean’s volume instead of the 5 to 10 per cent now usable, the ASW problem will be multi­plied many fold.

Volume III, the largest of the three vol­umes with 963 pages, is devoted to geophysical exploration and submarine geology. It in­cludes work by experts in the areas of gravity at sea and the magnetic fields over the oceans, areas sometimes pointed out as navi­gational media for subsurface craft of the future. In addition, a report on recent work in ocean bottom topography, another naviga­tional aid, is included.

The technical depth, not to mention the combined three-volume price of $73, puts these volumes far beyond the reach or needs of the neophyte. Again, they should be located in every good-sized, shore-based library.

The second edition of a most popular text, Submarine Geology by Dr. Francis P. Shepard of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, has even more recently reached the library shelves of oceanographers. Dr. Shepard has, for the most part, completely revised his original Harper and Row 1948 edition. Included in this 1963 revision are important chapters on wave mechanics, the mechanics of sediment transportation and geochemistry as it applies to marine sediments. Basically it is a geological text, emphasizing at all points the application of geology to an understanding of the ocean basins. As noted earlier, this facet of a naval ofhcer’s oceanographic education cannot be ignored. Neither can we ignore the fact that all officers will not for all time be engaged in the ASW effort.

Amphibious organizations have a para­mount interest in wave action on landing beaches, and this text can do much to allevi­ate the ignorance of many regarding the im­portance of submarine geological processes to amphibious warfare. Dr. Shepard’s first ^edition was excellent in this respect, and his second edition is even better.

In addition to the hardback volumes listed above, U. S. publishers have entered the Paperback market with numerous oceano­graphic texts. A few are included here so that even the most frugal naval personnel can take advantage of an opportunity to improve their library and their education. The second book mentioned in this review, Frontiers of the Sea, by Robert C. Cowen, is now available from bantam Books. The Earth Beneath the Sea, in which Dr. Shepard updated his first edition °f Submarine Geology and at the same time provided some good reading material for the more interested public, has been published m a paper cover by Atheneum. Willard bascom, who was one of the key personnel engaged in the Mohole project for boring a hole in the ocean floor, has written Waves and Beaches, and this book is available as a Double­bay Anchor Original, one of the Science Study Series. A very recent effort by Dr. Harris B. Stewart, Jr., Chief Oceanographer Ibr the Coast and Geodetic Survey, has been Published as a Van Nostrand Searchlight book, The Global Sea. Another geological au­thor of world-wide repute, P. H. Kuenen, is the author of Realms of Water, Some Aspects of Its Cycle in Nature. This book is made available as one of the John Wiley and Sons Science Editions. In addition to these books, most of Which are either new or of relatively recent vintage, the older 1947 publication This Great and Wide Sea has been reissued in paper­back form as a Harper Torch Science Li­brary Book. Originally an easily read college text, and subtitled An Introduction to Oceanog- t'aphy and Marine Biology, it is good reading for the beginner.

It is apparent from the foregoing listings that oceanographic literature is abundant. 9 he only problem in transmitting this knowl­edge to naval personnel is one of motivation.

All commands must be motivated to appreci­ate the critical importance of the sea’s limiting environment on naval operations. All per­sonnel must be motivated to seek the educa­tion which, however obtained, will make each of them a more “capable mariner.”

Bascom, Willard. Waves and Beaches (Doubleday, paper $1.45).

Coker, R. E. This Great and Wide Sea (Harper, paper $2.25).

Cromie, William J. Exploring the Secrets of the Sea (Prentice-Hall, $5.95).

Cowen, Robert C. Frontiers of the Sea (Doubleday, $5.50; Bantam_f paper 60(f).

Defant, Albert. Physical Oceanography (Pergamon, $35.00).

Dietrich, Gunter, and F. Ostapoff. Gen­eral Oceanography (Wiley, $20.00).

Hill, M. N., et al. The Sea (Wiley, $73.00).

King, C. A. M. Introduction to Oceanog­raphy (McGraw-Hill, $8.50).

Kuenen, P. H. Realms of Water, Some Aspects of Its Cycles in Nature (John Wiley and Sons, paper $1.95).

Long, E. John (ed.). Ocean Sciences (Naval Institute, $10.00).

Shepard, Francis P. The Earth Beneath the Sea (Johns Hopkins, $5.00; Athe­neum, paper $1.65).

—. Submarine Geology (Harper, $13.50).

Stewart, Harris B., Jr. The Global Sea (Van Nostrand, paper $1.45).

Sverdrup, Harald Ulrik, et al. The Oceans (Prentice-Hall, $22.35).

Von Arx, William S. Introduction to Physical Oceanography (Addison- Wesley, $12.50).

Williams, Jerome. Oceanography, An Introduction to the Marine Sciences (Little, Brown, $8.00).

With proper motivation at all levels we can look forward to the day when oceanographic education will no longer be optional but mandatory. When that day arrives each naval officer will have an oceanographic text on his bookshelf alongside the Watch Officer's Guide.

Professional Reading

By Robert M. Langdon

•       Two recent booklets admirably summarize major phases of naval aviation: Chief Journalist Scot MacDonald, U. S. Navy, has performed a superb service by compiling Evolution of Aircraft Carriers (Government Printing Office, 55fi), a 73-page, liberally il­lustrated reprinting of his 14-part series which originally appeared in 1962-1963 issues of Naval Aviation News. This is undoubtedly the best summary of the history of this type of warship and the men who fought with it during the past half century. A companion work is Flying in the Royal Navy 1914-64 (British Information Services, New York City, $1.00), compiled by Lieutenant-Commander G. P. B. Nash, Royal Navy Reserve. This 56-page booklet offers extensive photographic coverage of the subject.

•       Several Smithsonian publications bearing on maritime matters merit attention. All are well illustrated and are available from the Government Printing Office. The first is ship-historian Howard I. Chapelle’s Fulton's Steam Battery: Blockship and Cata­maran (700) which is a 36-page, oversized pamphlet concerning all aspects of the Demologos, the first steam man-of-war. The publication includes new material from the Danish Royal Archives in Copenhagen. In another work, Chapelle has organized the unique notes, drawings, and models of the late Edwin Tappan Adney and has produced a handsome volume entitled The Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of North America ($3.25). This is undoubtedly the most thorough study of this type of transportation. The Director of the New World Museum, San Salvador, in the Bahamas, Mrs. R. G. D. Wolper, has entered the fray over Columbus’s 1492 landfall by presenting A New Theory Identifying the Locale of Columbus's Light, Landfall, and Landing (750). She favors Watling Island over Turks Island. A remarkably systematic study is Silvio Bedini’s Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers ($1.00), which covers early com­passes, globes, quadrants, telescopes, zenith sectors, clocks, and other nautical items.

•       From the U. S. Antarctic Projects Officer, 801 19th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20006, comes a most complete, 228-page, illustrated summary of Deep Freeze 64 and U S. Antarctic Research Programs 64, the Bulletin of the U S. Antarctic Proj­ects Officer. Every aspect of the execution of Deep Freeze 64 is covered in this detailed report, and a casual examination of this gratis government publication will reveal how far-reaching and profound are United States’ operations in Antarctica.

•       Several new German-language books are especially useful in the study of German sea power. Albert Rohr’s Handbuch der Deutschen Marine Geschichte (Stalling, Hamburg, DM 19.80 is a 210-page detailed chronology and complete listing of German war­ships. A meticulously detailed, illustrated compilation of facts on German aircraft from 1933 to 1945 is Kens-Nowarra’s Die Deutschen Flugzeuge 1933-1945 (J. F. Leh­manns, Munich, DM 19). Two excellent photo-type histories are Hellmuth Brem- bach’s Adler iiber See (Eagle Over the Sea) (Stalling, DM 14.80), covering 50 years of German naval aviation, and U-Boote (Stalling, DM 14.80), a superb “chronicle in pictures” prepared by Germany’s foremost U-boat historian, Jurgen Rohwer. The last two volumes are admirable companions to earlier Stalling picture histories, Gorch Fock, on Germany’s sailing training ship, and Die Versunkene Flotte, the story of German battleships and cruisers, 1925-1945.

Special postpaid price to members of the U. S. Naval Institute, both regular and as­sociate, is shown in parentheses. Prices subject to change without notice. On orders for Maryland delivery, please add 3 per cent sales tax. These books may be ordered from the

U. S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland

NEW AND CURRENT

Naval Review 1965 .......................................................................................................... $12.50

The third annual publication consisting of 12 essays by different writers who examine the problems and developments in U.S. and other naval serv­ices, 1964. 407 pages. 3 appendixes. Illustrated. Maps.

Welcome Aboard................................................................................................................. $5.00

By Florence Ridgely Johnson. An informal guide and handbook for Navy wives on U.S. Navy customs, traditions, social usages, and business and legal affairs. 6th Ed., 1964. 264 pages.

HISTORY—BIOGRAPHY

Aboard the USS Monitor: 1862                                                                       

The letters of Acting Paymaster W. F. Keeler, USN, to his wife, Anna. Edited by Prof. R. W. Daly, U. S. Naval Academy. 1964. 278 pages. Illus­trated.                                                                                                   '

Almanac of Naval Facts.....................................................

1964. 305 pages. Paperbound.

Amerika Samoa: A History of American Samoa

and Its United States Naval Administration..............................

By Capt. J. A. C. Gray, MC. USN. 1960. 295 pages. Illustrated..............................

David Glasgow Farragut

By Prof. C. L. Lewis, U. S. Naval Academy

Vol. I, Admiral in the Making. 1941. 372 pages. Illustrated .... Vol. II, Our First Admiral. 1943. 513 pages. Illustrated.

Garde D’Haiti 1915-1934: Twenty Years of Organization and Training by the United States Marine Corps .          .               .

Compiled hy J. H. McCrocklin. 1956. 262 pages. Illustrated.                             "    ’

Greyhounds of the Sea..........................................................

By C. C. Cutler. 1961. 592 pages. 63 illustrations, 3 in full color. 26 sets of ships’ lines and sail plans. Special Price—Queens of the Westeni'ocean

and Greyhounds of the Sea, both volumes as a set ..........................................

The Henry Huddleston Rogers Collection of Ship Models ....

U. S. Naval Academy Museum, 2nd Ed., 1958. 117 pages. Illustrated.

John Paul Jones: Fighter for Freedom and Glory.....................................

By Lincoln Lorenz. 1943. 846 pages. Illustrated.

Lion Six..................................

By Capt. D. H. Hammer, USNR. The story of the building of the great Naval Operating Base at Guam. 1947. 109 pages. Illustrated A Long Line of Ships.......................................................................................

By Lt. Cdr. A. S. Lott, USN. Marc Island Centennial Volume. 1954 9fiS pages. Illustrated.

$6.50

$3.50

$6.00

My Life .

By Grand trated.

Admiral Erich Raeder, German Navy. 1960. 430 pages. Ulus-

Queens of the Western Ocean...............................................

B>’ C- C. Cutler, 1961. 672 pages. 69 illustrations. 10 sets of ships’ lines and sail plans. Special Price—Queens of the Western Ocean and Grey­hounds of the Sea, both volumes as a set .                                                                   ,    .

Round-Shot to Rockets...........................................

By I aylor Peck. A history of the Washington Navy Yard and U S N ival Gun Factory. 1949. 267 pages. Illustrated.

Sailing and Small Craft Down the Ages ....

By E. L. Blooms ter. 1940. 280 pages. 425 silhouette drawings. Trade edition.

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S2n.no

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S20.00

$3.00

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($2.63)

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($3.38)

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($9.38)

(Sir.00)

($2.25)

($4.50)

($1.88)

($3.75)

($4.50)

($9.38)

(SI 5.00)

($2.25)

($4.88)

Sea of the Bear.................................................................................................................... $5.00 ($3.75)

By Lt. Cdr. M. A. Ransom, IJSCG (Ret.), with Eloise Engle. 1964. 119 pages.

Illustrated.

Ships of the United States Navy and Their Sponsors

Vol. IV—1950-1958 .....................................................................................................  $10.00 ($7.50)

Compiled by Keith Frazier Somerville and Harriotte W. B. Smith. 1959. 291 pages. Illustrated.

Soldiers of the Sea............................................................................................................... $14.00      ($10.50)

By Col. R. 1). HeinI, Jr., USMC. A definitive history of the U. S. Marine Corps, 1775-1962. 1962. 695 pages. Illustrated.

Thence Round Cape Horn................................................................................................... $7.50 ($5.63)

By R. E. Johnson. This is the story of the U. S. Naval Forces in the Pacific Ocean during the period 1818-1923. 1963. 276 pages. Illustrated.

Uniforms of the Sea Services............................................................................................... $24.50 ($18.38)

By Col. R. H. Rankin, USMC. 1962. 328 pages. Special Collector’s copies, signed by the author—$30.00

The United States Coast Guard, 1790-1915                 ........................................................ $5.00 ($3.75)

By Capt. S. H. Evans, IJSCG. A definitive history (With a Postscript: 1915­1949). 1949. 228 pages. Illustrated.

World war ii—Korea (u. s.)

Most Dangerous Sea............................................................................................................ $6.00 ($4.50)

By Lt. Cdr. A. S. Lott, USN. 1959. 322 pages. Illustrated.

The Sea War in Korea.......................................................................................................... $6.00         ($4.50)

By Cdr. M. W. Cagle, USN, and Cdr. F. A. Manson, USN. 1957. 555 pages.

Illustrated.

The United States Coast Guard in World War II.................................................................. $6.00         ($4.50)

By M. F. Willoughby. 1957. 347 pages. Illustrated.

United States Destroyer Operations in World War II............................................................ $10.00       ($7.50)

By Theodore Roscoe. 1953. 581 pages. Illustrated.

United States Submarine Operations in World War II.......................................................... $10.00       ($7.50)

By Theodore Roscoe. 1949. 577 pages. Illustrated.

Special Price—2-volume set: Destroyer and

Submarine books (listed above)............................................................................................... $17.50 ($13.15)

World war ii—(other nations)

The French Navy in World War II....................................................................................... $6.00         ($4.50)

By Rear Adm. Paul Auphan, French Navy (Ret.), and Jacques Mordal.

Translated by Capt. A. C. J. Sabalot, USN (Ret.), 1959. 413 pages. Illustrated.

The Hunters and the Hunted................................................................................................ $3.50        ($2.63)

By Rear Adm. Aldo Cocchia, Italian Navy (Reserve). 1958. 180 pages. Illus­trated.

The Italian Navy in World War II................................................................................... .        $5.75   ($4.32)

By Cdr. Marc’Antonio Bragadin, Italian Navy. 1957. 380 pages. Illustrated.

Midway, The Battle That Doomed Japan, The Japanese Navy’s Story ....                $4.50  ($3.38)

By Mitsuo Fuchida and Masatake Okumiya, former Imperial Japanese Navy.

Edited by Roger l’ineau and Clarke Kawakami. 1955. 266 pages. Illustrated.

White Ensign, The British Navy at War, 1939-1945 ............................................................... $4.50  ($3.38)

By Capt. S. W. Roskill, D.S.C., RN (Ret.), 1960. 480 pages. Illustrated.

sea power

Air Operations in Naval Warfare Reading Supplement............................................................ $2.00  ($1.60)

Edited by Cdr. W. C. Blattmann, USN. 1957. 185 pages. Paperbound.

Geography and National Power............................................................................................... $2.50  ($2.00)

Edited by Prof. W. W. Jeffries, U. S. Naval Academy. 3rd Ed., 1962. 180 pages. Paperbound.

Naval Logistics........................................................................................................................... $5.₅₀   ($4.4,0

By Vice Adm. G. C. Dyer, USN (Ret.). 2nd Ed., 1962. 367 pages. Illustrated.

Naval Review 1962-1963                                                                                                      $10.00  ($8.00)

14 essays. 3 appendixes. 1962. 373 pages. Illustrated. Maps.

Naval Review 1964 ..................................................................................... $»>•<»<) (^■⁰⁰>

12 essays. 5 appendixes. 1963. 393 pages. Illustrated. Maps.

Naval Review 1965 ........................................................................................... ........  $12.50 ($10.00)

12 essays. 3 appendixes. 1964. 107 pages. Illustrated. Maps.

SEAMANSHIP

$5.00        ($3.75)

$5.00 ($4.00)

The Art of Knotting and Splicing.....................................................................................

By Cyrus Day. Step-by-step pictures explanatory text. 2nd Ed., 1955. 224 pages.

Naval Shiphandling..........................................................................................................

By Capt. R. S. Crenshaw, Jr., USN. 2nd Ed., 1900. 529 pages. Illustrated.

NAVIGATION—PILOTING

$8.00 ($0.40)

$3.60 ($2.88) $5.00 ($4.00)

$2.00 ($1.60)

Dutton’s Navigation and Piloting................................................................

Prepared by Cdr. J. C. Mill, II, USN, Lt. Cdr. T. F. Utegaard, USN, and Gerard Riordan. (A completely rewritten text which supplants Navigation and Nautical Astronomy.) 1st Ed., 1958. 771 pages. Illustrated.

Practical Manual of the Compass......................................................................................

By Capt. Harris laming, USN, and Lt. Cdr. H. I). McGuire, USN. 1921. 173 pages. Illustrated.

The Rules of the Nautical Road........................................................................................

By Capt. R. F. Farwell, USNR. Revised by Lt. Alfred Prunski, USCG. 3rd Ed.. 1954. 530 pages. Illustrated.

Simplified Rules of the Nautical Road..........................................................

By Lt. O. W. Will, III, USN. 1962. 112 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.

PROFESSIONAL HANDBOOKS

The Bluejackets’ Manual, U. S. Navy.................................................................................... $1.95       ($1.50)

Revised by Capt. J. V. Noel, Jr., USN, and W. J. Miller, JOCM, USN (I R).

17th Ed.. 1901. 081 pages. Illustrated.

The Coast Guardsman’s Manual...................................................................................... $4.00 ($3.20)

By Capt. W. C. Hogan, USCG. Reviscil by Lt. Cdr. M. M. Dickinson,

USCGR, assisted by L. W. Behrens, BMC, USN (ER). 4th Ed., 1964. 885 pages. Illustrated.

Division OlTicer’s Guide.......................................................................................................... $2.25  ($1.80)

By Capt. ). V. Noel, Jr., USN. 5th l'.d.. 1962. 282 pages

The Marine OHiccr’s Guide..................................................................................................... $7.50  ($0.00)

Revised by Col. R. D. Heinl, Jr., USMC (Ret.). 2nd Ed., 1904. 614 pages.

Illustrated.

The Naval Aviator’s Guide....................................................................................................... $5.50  ($4.40)

By Capt. M. W. Cagle, USN. 1903. 305 pages. Illustrated.

The Naval Officer's Guide........................................................................................................ $6.75  ($5.40)

By Rear Adm. A. A. Agcton, USN (Ret.), with Rear Adm. W. 1’. Mack, USN.

Gilt Ed., 1964. 650 pages. Illustrated.

Studies in Guerrilla Warfare                                                                                                     $2.50   ($1.88)

Studies written by experts in the field. Originally published as articles in the Proceedings. 1903. 89 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.

Watch Officer’s Guide............................................................................................................ $2250  ($2.00)

Revised by Capt. J. V. Noel, Jr., USN. 9th Ed., 1901. 302 pages. Illustrated.

LEADERSHIP

$3.50 ($2.80)

$3.00 ($2.00) $2.50 ($2.00)

Naval Leadership, 2nd edition............................................................................................

Compiled by Cdr. M. E. Wolfe, USN, Capt. E. J. Mulholland, USMC, Cdr.

J. M. Laudenslager, MSC. USNR, Lt. 11. j. Connery, MSC, USN, R. Adm.

Bruce McCandless; USN (Ret.), and Assoc, l’rof. G. J. Maun. 1959. 301 pages.

Naval Leadership, 1st edition.............................................................................................

Prepared at the U. S. Naval Academy for instruction of midshipmen. 1949.

324 pages.

Selected Readings in Leadership.......................................................................................

Compiled by Cdr. M. E. Wollc, USN, and Capt. E. J. Mulholland, USMC.

Revised by Leadership Committee, Command Department, U. S. Naval Academy. 1960. 120 pages. Paperbound.

ENGINEERING

Descriptive Analysis of Naval Turbine Propulsion Plants.................................. $5.00       ($4.00)

By Cdr. C. N. Payne, USN. 1958. 187 pages. Illustrated.

SERVICE LIFE

The Best of Taste, The                                              Finest Food of Fifteen Nations................................................ $4.00 ($.4.00)

Edited by the SACLANT-NATO Cookbook Committee. 1957. 244 pages.

. Illustrated.

Naval Customs, Traditions,                                           and Usage......................................................................... $5.50  ($4.13)

By Vice Adm. L. P. Lovette, USN (Ret.). 4th Ed., 1959. 358 pages. Illustrated.

Prayers at Sea............................................................................................................... $3.50  ($2.63)

By Chaplain Joseph F. Parker, USN.

The Sailor’s Wife............................................................................................................................................. $1-50 ($1.13)

By Lucy Wright. 1962. 112 pages. Illustrated. Paperbound.

Service Etiquette........................................................................................................... $6.00  ($4.50)

By Capt. Brooks J. Ilarral, USN, and Oretha 1). Swartz.

Revised by Oretha 1). Swartz. 2nd Ed., 1963. 450 pages. Illustrated.

By Florence Ridgely Johnson. A guide for the naval officer's bride. Gth Ed., 1964. 264 pages.

Welcome Aboard............................................................................................................. $5.00  ($3.75)

SPORTS—ATHLETICS

Baseball..............................................................

By Robert Spackman, Jr. 1963. 152 pages.