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Pearl Harbor:
Warning and Decision
By Roberta Wohlstetter. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1962. Appendices.
Bibliography. 426 pages. $7.50.
REVIEWED BY
E. B. Potter
(Professor Potter, Chairman of Naval History at the
United States Naval Academy, is editor and co-author of
Sea Power: A Naval History.)
Had Mrs. Wohlstetter’s book been published 16 years ago, what quantities of nonsense the American reading public would have been spared! Instead, the postwar battle of the books was opened by George Morgen- stern’s Pearl Harbor: The Story of the Secret War, which stated:
... no amount of excuses will palliate the conduct of President Roosevelt and his advisers. The offense of which they stand convicted is not failure to discharge their responsibilities, but calculated refusal to do so. They failed—with calculation—to keep the United States out of war and to avoid a clash with Japan. . . . The “warnings” they sent to Hawaii failed—and were so phrased and so handled as to insure failure.
This revisionist interpretation, supported by Harry Elmer Barnes, Charles C. Tansill, Charles A. Beard, and others, amounted in its more extreme form to nothing less than a charge of criminal conspiracy directed against the President, the Secretaries of State, War, and the Navy, the Army Chief of Staff, General Marshall, and the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Stark.
The deposed Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet, asserted in Admiral Kimmel's Story that he and Lieutenant General Short, the Army commander in Hawaii, had been denied vital information on which to base an alert against surprise. The accusation of “withheld information” is the burden also of
Rear Admiral Robert A. Theobald’s The Final Secret of Pearl Harbor.
On the other side of the controversy, Samuel Eliot Morison in History of United States Naval Operations in World War II (Vol. Ill) and Herbert Feis in The Road to Pearl Harbor, while recognizing inefficiency in both Washington and Hawaii, put the blame for the Pearl Harbor attack where it belonged— on the Japanese. They did not settle the controversy, however, because theirs were general histories which treated the question of surprise only incidentally.
Mrs. Wohlstetter’s book, on the contrary, is likely to be definitive precisely because the author has limited herself to the question: Why were we surprised? To find the answer, she has interviewed key individuals and examined the records objectively and exhaustively. No future writer is likely to refute her conclusions.
“Never before,” says she, “have we had so complete an intelligence picture of the enemy.” Our principal source was magic, the coded Japanese diplomatic radio messages that we broke at the average rate of 36 a day. These decoded messages provided us with such a series of alarms that by December 1941, our attention was dulled.
The very abundance of intercepts bred confusion, for each indication of a probable enemy course of action was likely to be fol-
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lowed by indications of other, quite different enemy moves. In all the hundreds of intercepted messages, the only ones pointing directly toward an attack on Hawaii were inquiries from Tokyo about the location of ships in Pearl Harbor—and these were accompanied by similar questions concerning ships in other harbors ranging from Singapore to Manila to Seattle.
Part of the confusion arose out of the low esteem in which intelligence operations were held; part was a result of tight security measures. oni, for example, gathered and disseminated information but was forbidden to evaluate it. magic was shown only to the President, the Secretary of State, and the civilian and military heads of the armed services. Each day these busy men skimmed through the numerous intercepts while an officer-messenger stood by to whisk the sheets back to the cryptanalysis center. The war Warnings sent to the forward areas were thus based merely upon impressionistic evaluations. General Marshall and Admiral Stark, moreover, operated under the mistaken belief that Admiral Kimmel at Pearl Harbor was receiving all the magic intercepts.
It is possible that if Admiral Kimmel and General Short had received just the right information (selected by crystal ball from the welter of intelligence), they would have had their forces in stricter condition of alert. What is more certain is that had they had all the information available in Washington, they would have been as confused as the Washington decision-makers were.
In the last days of peace, the attention of Washington was focused on a powerful southbound expeditionary force, which constituted in fact the main Japanese thrust. It was widely believed that Japan would try to seize the Netherlands East Indies with their rich oil wells. It was conceded that she might also protect the flanks of her southward drive
by capturing Singapore and the Philippines. It never occurred to American officials that the Japanese would at the same time recklessly send their carrier force in a raid on Pearl Harbor. Even the Japanese Naval General Staff recoiled from taking such a risk, grudgingly consenting only when Admiral Yamamoto threatened to resign.
Those who point out that Yamamoto’s gamble paid off handsomely, should recall that his second try led to disaster. Seven months after the Pearl Harbor attack, he sent his carriers to finish the job by attacking Midway as a means of luring out the rest of the U. S. Pacific Fleet for destruction. This time, however, the Americans were evaluating radio intercepts more accurately. Forewarned, Admiral Nimitz had his carrier forces in position off Midway to sink all four of the attacking carriers, and thus turn the tide of war.
Men of Space
By Shirley Thomas. Philadelphia and New
York: Chilton Company, 1962. Volume IV.
Illustrated. 284 pages. $3.95.
REVIEWED BY
Robert F. Freitag, Captain, U. S. Navy
(<Captain Freitag is the Astronautics Officer of the
Bureau of Naval Weapons)
Normally, current biographical profiles are of limited interest to the specialist. However, volume four of Men of Space treats the vibrant doers of the space age in a fashion that leaves the reader with a deep insight of their accomplishments and a valuable understanding of how today’s pioneers are motivated and just how they go about achieving their outstanding efforts. Author Thomas pinpoints the theme of her books with a quote about today’s space effort. “The biggest show in history is going on, and too many people aren’t watching. To be aware of this certainly doesn’t mean you are interested in things rather than people—these are things that happen to people.”
The treatments are quite thorough. They cover: the story of Bell Laboratory’s John Pierce and the development of the communication satellites; Pierce’s associate William Shockley and the story of the transistor and its
impact on modern space systems. An excellent four-way treatment of the complex man-inspace program is provided from different points of view; from the story of Robert Gilruth, Director of Project Mercury, from that of North American Aviation’s Harrison Storms with his work on the x-15, the Saturn z-booster and the Apollo spacecraft; and a study of the space environment and space medicine advances of Hubertus Strughold and Navy Commander Mai Ross. Last, and certainly not least, is the examination of Dr. Samuel Herrick’s pioneering efforts in astrodynamic and celestial mechanics, and Air Force Colonel Jack Armstrong’s imaginative, sometimes controversial drive toward developing nuclear power for space applications, which culminated in the development of the Snap iii nuclear generator which powered the Navy’s Transit 4A satellite.
Each profile weaves a highly personal and fast moving story that is hard to put down. Miss Thomas’ research has been excellent and accurate, and she uncovers many subtle and generally unknown sidelights that add zest to the reading and gives each profile more the tone of a “yarn” than of a biography.
All in all, Men of Space is an interesting and worthwhile story of today’s space history in the making. Naval officers interested in contemporary research and development problems and interested in learning how a few of our space leaders have tackled the problem will find this book a pleasant diversion.
Vasa, The King’s Ship
By Commander Bengt Ohrelius. London:
Cassell & Company, Ltd., 1962. Illustrated.
Appendices. 395 pages. 18s.
REVIEWED BY
Roy C. Smith, IV, Lieutenant (j.g.), U. S.
Navy
(Lieutenant Smith is currentlv serving aboard the USS
Dahlgren, DLG-12.)
In the summer of 1628, a fully-armed, 64- gun ship-of-the-line, two hours out on her maiden voyage, capsized and sank in the quiet waters of Stockholm harbor. The Royal Swedish ship Vasa, commissioned by the King to protect the Baltic coasts against the marauding Hapsburg armies, the newest and most powerful ship of the fleet, was caught in a sudden gust of wind; she heeled over, shipped water through her open gun ports, and settled quickly and silently, with sails set and flags flying, to the bottom.
This catastrophic event has fruitlessly dissipated the energies of treasure seekers and archaeologists for centuries. But as remarkable as the disaster itself, was the raising of the hulk in 1961 from Stockholm’s murky waters.
In Vasa, The King’s Ship, author Bengt Ohrelius, a Swedish naval officer and writer, recalls in scrupulous detail the events leading up to the sinking, the court of inquiry following the incident, and the many pioneer salvage attempts as well as the actual raising of the ship. The book pays just tribute to the scores of devoted historians and archaeologists whose thorough research effort in the Royal Archives led eventually to the vessel’s recovery after 333 years on the bottom.
Assessments indicate that the ship had been faultily designed: the tall and heavy rig was too much for the narrow hull of the vessel. This, Commander Ohrelius carefully Points out, is not so surprising considering the primitive methods of ship construction in the early 17th century. Without plans, keels were laid to fit certain arbitrary specifications of length, breadth, draft, and armament. The heavy, three-decked Vasa had only four feet of freeboard to the lower gun ports, and her narrow hull could not hold sufficient stone ballast. These interesting sidelights and much of the record of the court of inquiry are included by the author in a fine attempt at scene-setting in order to acquaint the unfamiliar but curious reader with the background of this unusual maritime calamity.
The early salvage attempts are traced by the author with a professional thoroughness adapted for the layman. He describes an early diving bell apparatus that provided an air Pocket in which the operator stood when submerged. More importantly, he provides an Understanding of the tremendous difficulties ln conducting salvage operations in 110 feet °f dark, icy water on a mud-encased, three- hundred-year-old hulk, the shape of which Was not even known. Small wonder that the early attempts with windlasses and cables, cranes and dollies failed to lift out the more- t-han-700 tons of ship and mud.
But the feat was finally accomplished. In 1954, the site of the wreck was re-established by an amateur historian-archaeologist and locator of sunken ships named Anders Franzen after discovery of a contemporary document reporting the catastrophe to the king, Gustavus Adolphus II. Teams of navy divers were invited in, and the salvage activities commenced.
First an underwater survey was conducted. Measurements were taken, gun ports counted and plotted, and various bits and pieces of debris were located and passed up to the surface. In all, some 400 objects were discovered in this manner, and later some 1,400 others on the ship herself, including many period articles of great historical value.
The sailors decided to raise the ship by using inflatable pontoons which supported several heavy cables that were passed underneath the hull. The pontoons, emptied of their water ballast, tightened the cables and lifted the ship about 15 feet free of the mud. The hulk was then towed toward shore until it grounded again, and the process was laboriously repeated.
Again and again the pontoons were pumped out and repositioned, until at last the wreck was near enough to a dockyard crane for the final raising to take place, but not before the numerous holes and cracks in the hull of the ship had been sealed. This accomplished, Vasa rose majestically to the surface and was moved into drydock where she was cleaned, repaired, and preserved, and installed in a museum in Stockholm.
The raising of the Vasa after more than three centuries was indeed a splendid feat, accomplished mostly as a result of the tireless efforts of research historians and modern scientific salvage techniques. Vasa, The King’s Ship is the first documentary account of the subject, interestingly prepared by Commander Ohrelius who has additionally collected numerous photographs and drawings to complement the text. No reader, however uninformed in the ways of ship-raising and marine archaeology, can fail to be impressed, not only by the fantastic circumstances which sent the unfortunate ship to the bottom, but also by the skill, ingenuity, and resourcefulness of those who managed to recover the ancient vessel.
The Siege of Leningrad
By Leon Goure. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962. Illustrations. Maps. Bibliography. Appendices. 363 pages. $6.95.
REVIEWED BY
Herbert J. Ellison
(Professor Ellison is Chairman of the Slavic and Soviet Area Studies Committee at the University of Kansas.)
The story of the siege of Leningrad, the long-blockaded base of the Baltic Fleet and Russia’s right flank, bastion against the German onslaught, is one of the great epics of World War II. Mr. Goure seeks to describe and explain Leningrad’s long and tortured struggle for survival, going about his work with admirable analytical detachment and scholarly thoroughness. The analytical purpose of the volume, and its frequently pedestrian prose, tend to steal some of the drama from the story, but there is still abundant interesting detail and cogent analytical commentary to hold the attention of even a rather casual reader.
The circumstances which led to the long siege were odd indeed. The most important was Hitler’s abrupt decision of September 1941 to abandon the plan for assault upon the city at the very moment when it had most chance of success. Hoping to save troops by starving Leningrad into surrender, he depended upon the Finns, advancing from the northwest, to join with the Germans in achieving complete isolation of the city. But though brutally bullied by the Soviets in 1939-40, and literally goaded into the war by them in June and July 1941, the Finns refused to co-operate with the German plan, stopping their advance at a line which corresponded closely to the prc-1940 Russo-Finnish border. Hitler’s decision gave the Soviets a respite in which to strengthen the defenses of Leningrad, while Finnish policy left them with access to Lake Ladoga, the indispensable supply route of the war years. The ugly irony of Leningrad’s situation was that no preparations had been made for a protracted siege because none was expected. The result was that the city had virtually no reserves of food and fuel. The government knew that to maintain resistance was to invite large-scale death from cold and hunger, and yet re
sistance was maintained though it cost the life of every third inhabitant.
Mr. Goure seems to have covered every essential feature of the siege of Leningrad: the military campaigns, the unbelievable sufferings and fortitude of the people, their changing attitudes during the war, the operation of the city government and of the Party apparatus, the great drama of the transport of supplies across the treacherous ice road of Lake Ladoga, and much more. The chronological and topical limitations of the study make possible an examination of the operation of Soviet government in depth that is a rare treat even for specialist students of Soviet affairs. The description of the Party apparatus in action is especially good, illustrating its impressive successes and its equally impressive deficiencies and failures. It is not at all difficult to agree with Goure when he asserts in his conclusions that no other system of government could have maintained control while compelling the population to accept such terrible sacrifices. At the same time, the total failure of the Germans to appreciate the political dimensions of the siege are apparent in the portrayal of the crudeness and futility of their propaganda leaflets and in the policy of firing on civilians attempting to flee Leningrad. German policy gave the people no alternative to resistance, and indeed strengthened the desire to resist. The formula for Leningrad’s survival appears, therefore, to have had three main ingredients: German political and military failure, the determination and leadership skill on the part of the Communist Party, and the enormous endurance and courage of the city’s inhabitants.
Mr. Goure has spared no effort to secure all the available materials relevant to his topic. He has used a number of published Soviet sources, as well as the special resources of the Leningrad Public Library; he has made excellent use of diaries and eyewitness accounts, both Soviet and foreign; and he has employed with considerable skill the German, Finnish, and Soviet war histories, military memoirs, and special German military documents, especially those covering interrogations of Soviet citizens. The thoroughness of the research, and the balance of the judgments throughout promise to make this the definitive study of the siege, which he justly describes as unique in modern history. It is difficult to imagine any aspect of the subject which might still be examined, though this reader was left wondering what difference might have resulted had the Germans been able to bring massive naval power into action against the exposed city of Leningrad.
Conflict: The History of the Korean War, 1950-53
By Robert Leckie. New York: G. P.
Putnam’s Sons, 1962. Illustrated. Maps.
Bibliography. Appendix. 448 pages. $6.95.
REVIEWED BY
Henry I. Shaw, Jr.
{Mr. Shaw is the chief civilian historian at Headquarters, Marine Corps. He is the author or co-author of
several official histories.)
Robert Leckie used to be appraised by reviewers solely as a professional writer with talent, a man who had tried his hand successfully in several literary mediums. Of late that appraisal has sharpened to account him one of our best military historians and one whose impact is enhanced by his reportorial skill. Not too long ago his account of the epic fighting withdrawal of the 1st Marine Division from the Chosin Reservoir, The March to Glory, appeared. This past summer saw the publication of a superlative history of the Marines in World War II, Strong Men Armed. Less than two months before this latest book came Conflict, an ambitious attempt to encompass the whole of the Korean War in one volume.
The Korean War needs intelligent analysis, tf only to let us examine limited war in all its frustrations, and its restrictions on military Power. We need to understand why some Participants were enraged and embittered by the holds that shackled them, while others viewed the limitations as the only thing that kept us from all-out thermonuclear war. We need to be reminded with chapter and verse, as Mr. Leckie does, that this was a war fraught tvith politics, both domestic and international. We need to recapture the knowledge that it 'vas an unpopular war, one without the widespread public support of World War II and °ne which saw an outstanding array of decorated heroes virtually ignored by an apathetic People who had lionized their predecessors in the Forties. Perhaps the most important fact brought out was that Korea buried forever (or it should have) the myth of innate superiority of Western soldiers over Eastern peasant armies. Military superiority depends on logistic competence, training, weapons, leadership, esprit de corps, and on a combination of other factors, none of them inherent in the locale of birth.
General MacArthur, always an enigmatic figure to the military historian, overshadows the forepart of this work. The author has treated him with the respect that his accomplishments have earned, and yet in honesty can find little that would explain the general’s overly optimistic pronouncements at critical stages of the fighting. Especially mystifying is the United Nations leader’s initial optimism in the face of intelligence that the Chinese Communist threat was a grave one. There is unstinted praise for MacArthur’s brilliance in carrying through the Inchon landing against the doubts of responsible leaders. And there is obvious approval of the rightness of President Truman’s action in removing him from his command position.
Very few historians can evoke the immediacy of close combat with Mr. Leckie’s sure sense. In this book, as in his previous military works, there are passages of battle action that command rapt attention. But Conflict is far more than a collection of images of the fighting. The author has tried to encompass every significant facet of the war in a broad sense, while emphasizing what was important, essential, and dramatic.
This feel for the dramatic, for the scene that keynotes the panorama, is both the strength and the weakness of the book. Most of the aspects of military history that make dull reading are given the broad-brush treatment. This is not a book for the specialist in any phase of warfare. Happily unhedged by the many requirements that influence the writings of official historians and tend to make it hard going at times, Mr. Leckie has been able to pick and choose what he wished from the secondary sources available. In his selection he has often presented opposing viewpoints without overtly taking sides and has chosen his own path ably.
The makeup of the book is basically an attractive one. The signature of photos is
deftly chosen to give the mood of the fighting as it progressed. The maps, while they are well drawn, bristle with arrows denoting friend and foe and might be better understood if they were less encumbered. A welcome appendix is the complete text of the armistice agreement signed at Panmunjom. Since the documentation is slight, the bibliography is vital, and it is unfortunate that it is not annotated as a service to the serious student. But this book is not a frothy piece tossed off with abandon after a cursory look at others’ work; it is a serious history, all the more effective because it is well written.
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XV, Supplement and General Index
By Samuel Eliot Morison. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1962. Illustrated. Errata List. 373 pages. $7.50.
REVIEWED BY
Roger Pineau
(iCommander Pineau, USNR, who assisted Rear Admiral S. E. Morison for ten years in the preparation of his History of U. S. Naval Operations of World War II, is author or co-author of several Proceedings articles, and books which include Midway, The Battle that Doomed Japan, The Divine Wind, both published by the Naval Institute, and Japanese Destroyer Captain.)
Fifteen years and eight months after the end of World War II, Admiral S. E. Morison signed the Preface of this final volume of his monumental naval history. Conceding a modest eight months, that amounts to one volume per writing year—an impressive average. This volume consists of a brief account of postwar naval operations, the surrender of the outlying Japanese garrisons, the Navy’s share in the occupation of Japan, minesweeping, and Operation Magic Carpet. There are photos and statistics of U. S. ships and craft in World War II, and “a list of all important errata so far discovered in Volumes I-XIV.” A thoughtful special section contains some of the best of the Navy’s combat art of World War II, as represented in dust jacket illustrations of each volume. The largest section of the book, however, is the general revised index to all the preceding substantive volumes and reflects all the changes incorporated in the Errata List.
Arctic Odyssey—The Life of Rear Admiral Donald B. MacMillan
By Everett S. Allen. New York: Dodd,
Mead and Company, 1962. Illustrated.
Appendix. Index. Map. 340 pages. $5.00.
reviewed by
Edward Peary Stafford, Commander,
U. S. Navy
(Commander Stafford wrote The Big E, the story of the
USS Enterprise. His grandfather was Rear Admiral
Robert E. Peary, the discoverer of the North Pole.)
In the present decade of decision, with its Titans and Atlases and orbiting astronauts, this calm book about a quiet and competent seaman-scientist could almost be described as soothing. Mr. Allen, in the researching and the writing of Arctic Odyssey, seems to have tailored his style to the personality of his subject, the unprofanedly Conradian sailor who, in moments of crisis “never outwardly dis- raught or tense . . . seldom did more than pace and hum softly.”
One might say that Everett Allen “paces and hums softly” through his story of Donald Baxter MacMillan, the small, athletic New Englander who started his Arctic career at the top, literally and figuratively, by accompanying Robert E. Peary on the expedition which discovered the North Pole. Mr. Allen, for example, effectively disposes of the charlatan Cook with the same kind of unruffled understatement apparent in MacMillan’s own comment, “that the glory of such an achievement [the discovery of the Pole after 25 years of single-minded, all-exclusive effort and seven separate expeditions to the far north] would be tarnished by bitter controversy is regrettable.”
This is not an intimate or personal biography. There is no effort to probe the head or heart of its subject. The reader cannot feel close to Don MacMillan, although he can certainly admire and respect him greatly. We assume that MacMillan fell in love with Miriam Look at some point between the time he bounced her on his knee as a child of five and. their marriage, but nowhere does Mr. Allen become so personal as to tell us so. We know that Miriam is a good sailor and pulls her weight in the boat, and we like her, but we are not told whether she is blonde or
brunette, tall or short, slender or plump. But perhaps this remoteness is appropriate in a biography of a Yankee seaman, a breed not known for garrulous intimacy.
In discussing a book as carefully researched and as accurate as this one, it is perhaps unfair to cite an individual error. However, this reviewer has recently seen statements attributed to the late, really heroic Matt Henson, that he was not paid while in Peary’s employ. Now, again, Mr. Allen leaves us with the impression that MacMillan, too, served on the North Pole expedition without compensation. This is simply not true. The Peary Arctic Club records on file shows dates and amounts of the payments made to both men.
In the course of telling us about Donald MacMillan, Arctic Odyssey reminds us graphically of what it was like to travel and explore in the Arctic before man used his machines to insulate himself from nature. Thule, the Eskimo village north of Cape York on the west coast of Greenland, which was Peary’s headquarters in the days before radio and was far more isolated than our coming base on the moon, is now a Class A Air Force Base with all the modern facilities and conveniences of Andrews or Offut. Most travel is by air, but when the supply ships come to Thule in the summer, up through the Davis Strait and
Baffin and Melville Bays where MacMillan picked his way between the floes and past the bergs from the crows nest of his schooner, they get daily plots of ice location and condition, furnished by long range patrol planes. Icebreakers lead the way with their helicopters hovering ahead reporting by voice radio the softest place and the areas of open water. Trips that took a month of sledging now take a few hours of flight. We have nearly forgotten that not so many years ago, men like MacMillan still went north in sailing ships with old, inaccurate charts of unlighted, uninhabited coasts, depending for their lives on a knowledge of and a feel for the sea.
And MacMillan is a man of a vanishing species, a general scientist, if there is such a thing. In a time of ever-increasing specialization, he was and is ornithologist, geologist, glaciologist, botanist, hydrographer, and navigator. He was and is a lover of knowledge for its own sake. He was capable of thousand-mile sledge journeys over sea ice and glacier and ice cap, living on pemmican, tea, and whatever his rifle and harpoon could fetch him.
Admiral MacMillan, now in deserved and highly respected retirement on the sandy tip of Cape Cod, is a man well worth reading about, one of the last of his breed—a kind of sea-going, Arctic Renaissance man.
★
Collision
Imminent
The submarine K-3 was following her sister ship K-2 into port one afternoon, when the Officer of the Deck got worried about the distance between the two ships. Suffering a momentary mental lapse, he asked radar for the range to K-3. The radar operator quite truthfully reported, “You’re right on top of her,” at which reply, the OOD sounded the collision alarm.
The crew of K-3 dutifully slammed and dogged all watertight doors, and the Captain found himself securely locked below. No communication to the bridge was possible, since the OOD was busy ringing up speed changes, changing course, and shouting “Collision.” When things finally quieted down, the OOD admitted he thought he had asked for the range to K-2. Asked why he had not questioned the radar operator’s report, since he could see K-2 was some distance ahead, he replied: “Well, when I heard that report, I just knew the Captain wanted me to run a collision drill.”
--------------------------------- Contributed by Lieutenant Commander A. N. Glennon, U. S. Navy
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By Lieutenant Commander Arnold S. Lott, USN. Mare Island Centennial Volume. 1954. 268 pages. Illustrated.
My Life ..................................................................................................................................... $6.00 ($4.50)
By Grand Admiral Erich Raeder, German Navy. 1960. 430 pages. Illustrated.
Queens of the Western Ocean.................................................................................................. $12.50 ($9.38)
By Carl C. Cutler. 1961. 672 pages. 69 illustrations. 10 sets of ships’ lines and sail plans. Special Price—Queens of the Western Ocean and
Greyhounds of the Sea, both volumes as a set...................................................................... $20.00 ($15 00)
Round-Shot to Rockets.......................................................................................................... $3.00 ($2.25)
liy Taylor Peck. A history of the Washington Navy Yard and U. S. Naval Gun Factory. 1949. 267 pages. Illustrated.
Sailing and Small Craft Down the Ages.................................................................................. $6.50 ($4.88)
By E. L. Bloomster. 1940. 280 pages. 425 silhouette drawings. Trade edition.
(Deluxe autographed edition)................................................................................................. $12.50 ($10.00)
Ships of the United States Navy and Their Sponsors
Vol. IV-1950-1958 ............................................................................................................... $10.00 ($7.50)
Compiled by Keith Frazier Somerville and Harriotte W. B. Smith. 1959. 291 pages. Illustrated.
Soldiers of the Sea................................................................................................................. $14.00 ($10.50)
By Colonel Robert D. Heinl, Jr., U. S. Marine Corps. A definitive history of the U. S. Marine Corps, 1775-1962. 695 pages. 127 photos. 42 maps. Index.
Uniforms of the Sea Services................................................................................................. $24.50 ($18.38)
By Colonel Robert H. Rankin, U.S.M.C. A comprehensive pictorial history of the uniforms of the U. S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard from the Revolution to the present. Special Collector’s copies, signed by the author—$30.00.
By Captain Stephen H. Evans, U. S. Coast Guard. A definitive history (With a Postscript. 1915-1949). 1949. 228 pages. Illustrated.
The United States Coast Guard, 1790-1915 .......................................................................... $5.00 ($3.75)
WORLD WAR II—KOREA (U. S.)
Most Dangerous Sea.............................................................................................................. $6.00 ($4.50)
By Lieutenant Commander Arnold S. Lott, USN. 1959. 322 pages. 38 photographs.
The Sea War in Korea............................................................................................................ $6.00 ($4.50)
By Commander Malcolm W. Cagle, USN, and Commander Frank A. Manson, USN, 1957. 555 pages. 176 photographs. 20 charts.
•The United States Coast Guard in World War II.................................................................... $6.00 ($4.50)
By Malcolm F. Willoughby. 1957. 347 pages. 200 photographs. 27 charts.
United States Destroyer Operations in World War II.............................................................. $10.00 ($7.50)
By Theodore Roscoe. 1953. 581 pages. Illustrated.
United States Submarine Operations in World War II............................................................. $10.00 ($7.50)
By Theodore Roscoe. 1949. 577 pages. Illustrated.
Special Price—2-volume set: Destroyer and
Submarine books (listed above)............................................................................................. $17.50 ($17.13)
WORLD WAR II—(OTHER NATIONS)
Der Seekrieg, The German Navy’s Story 1939-1945 ............................................................ $5.00 ($3.75)
By Vice Admiral Friedrich Ruge, German Navy. 1957. 440 pages. 43 photographs. 19 charts.
The Divine Wind, Japan’s Kamakaze Force in World War II.................................................. $4.50 ($3.38)
By Captain Rikihei Inoguchi and Commander Tadashi Nakajima, former Imperial Japanese Navy, with Commander Roger l’ineau, USN'R. 1958. 240 pages. 61 photographs. 3 diagrams.
The French Navy in World War II.......................................................................................... $6.00 ($4.50)
By Rear Admiral Paul Auphan, French Navy (Ret.), and Jacques Modral. Translated by Captain A. C. ). Sabalot, USN (Ret.). 1959. 413 pages. 32 photographs. 13 charts and diagrams.
The Hunters and the Hunted.................................................................................................. $3.50 ($2.63)
By Rear Admiral Aldo Cocchia, Italian Navy (Reserve). 1958. 180 pages. Photographs and diagrams.
The Italian Navy in World War II........................................................................................... $5.75 ($4.32)
By Commander Marc’Antonio Bragadin, Italian Navy. 1957. 380 pages. 121 photographs. 17 diagrams.
Midway, The Battle That Doomed Japan, The Japanese Navy’s Story .... $4.50 ($3.38)
By Mitsuo Fuchida and Masatake Okumiya, former Imperial Japanese Navy. Edited by Roger Pineau and Clarke Kawakami. 1955. 266 pages. Illustrated.
White Ensign, The British Navy at War, 1939-1945 .............................................................. $4.50 ($3.38)
By Captain S. W. Roskill, D.S.C., R.N. (Ret.). 1960. 480 pages. Illustrated.
SEA POWER
Air Operations in Naval Warfare Reading Supplement........................................................... $2.00 ($1.60)
Edited by Commander Walter C. Blattmann, USN. 1957. 185 pages. Paper bound.
Geography and National Power.............................................................................................. $2.50 ($2.00)
Edited by Professor William W. Jeffries, U. S. Naval Academy. A short, up-to-date volume covering all the strategic regions and major powers of the world. This new edition has chapters on the Polar Seas and Africa. Third Edition. 1962. 180 pages. Paperback.
A History of Naval Tactics from 1530 to 1930 ...................................................................... $6.50 ($4.88)
The Evolution of Tactical Maxims. By Rear Admiral S. S. Robison, USN (Ret.), and Mary L. Robison. 1942. 956 pages. Illustrated.
Naval Logistics....................................................................................................................... $5.50 ($4.40)
By Vice Admiral George C. Dyer, USN (Ret.). Second Edition. 1962. 367 pages. Illustrated.
Naval Review........................................................................................................................... $10.00.. ($8.00)
The most comprehensive volume on world seapower available. Illustrated. Maps. 14 essays. 3 appendices. 350 pages.
Victory Without War, 1958-1961 .............................................................................................. $2.00.. ($1.50)
By George Fielding Eliot. 1958. 126 pages.
SEAMANSHIP
The Art of Knotting and Splicing............................................................................................. $5.00 ($3.75)
By Cyrus Day. Step-by-step pictures facing explanatory text. 2nd edition, 1955. 224 pages.
Naval Shiphandling.................................................................................................................... $5.00.. ($4.00)
By Captain R. S. Crenshaw, Jr., USN. 2nd edition, 1960. 529 pages. 175 illustrations.
NAVIGATION—PILOTING
Dutton’s Navigation and Piloting................................................................................................ $8.00.. ($6.40)
Prepared by Commander J. C. Hill, II, USN, Lieutenant Commander T. F. Utegaard, USN, and Gerard Riordan. (A completely rewritten text which supplants Navigation and Nautical Astronomy.) 1st edition, 1958. 771 pages. Illustrated.
Practical Manual of the Compass............................................................................................... $3.60.. ($2.88)
By Captain Harris Laning, USN, and Lieutenant Commander H. D. McGuire, USN. 1921. 173 pages. Illustrated.
The Rules of the Nautical Road............................................................................................... $5.00 ($4.00)
By Captain R. F. Farwell, USNR. Revised by Lieutenant Alfred Prunski, U. S. Coast Guard. Third Edition, 1954. 536 pages. Illustrated.
Simplified Rules of the Nautical Road........................................................................................ $2.50.. ($2.00)
By Lieutenant A. W. Will, III, USN. 1962. 110 pages. Illustrated.
PROFESSIONAL HANDBOOKS
The Bluejackets’ Manual, U. S. Navy......................................................................................... $1.95.. ($1.56)
Revised by Captain John V. Noel, Jr., USN, Commander Frederick C. Dyer, USNR, and Master Chief Journalist William J. Miller, USN. 16th edition. 1960. 641 pages. Illustrated.
The Coast Guardsman’s Manual................................................................................................ $4.00.. ($3.20)
By Captain W. C. Hogan, USC.G. Revised by Lieutenant Commander M. M. Dickinson, USCGR, assisted by Loran W. Behrens, BMC, USN-FR. 3rd edition, 1958. 819 pages. Illustrated.
Division Officer’s Guide............................................................................................................ $2.25.. ($1.80)
By Captain J. V. Noel, Jr., USN. 5th edition, 1962. 282 pages.
The Marine Officer’s Guide....................................................................................................... $5.75.. ($4.32)
By General G. C. Thomas, USMC (Ret.), Colonel R. D. Heinl, Jr., USMC, and Rear Admiral A. A. Ageton, USN (Ret.). 1956. 512 pages. 29 charts. 119 photographs.
The Naval Officer’s Guide......................................................................................................... $6-75.. ($5.40)
By Rear Admiral Arthur A. Ageton, USN (Ret.), with Captain William P. Mack, USN. 5th edition, 1960. 649 pages. Illustrated.
Watch Officer’s Guide............................................................................................................... $2.50.. ($2.00)
Revised by Captain J. V. Noel, Jr., USN. 9th edition, 1961. 302 pages. Illustrated.
LEADERSHIP
Naval Leadership, 2nd edition................................................................................................... $3.50.. ($2.80)
Compiled by Commander .Malcolm E. Wolfe, USN, Captain Frank J. Mulholland, USMC,
Commander John M. Laudenslager, MSC, USNR, Lieutenant Horace J. Connery, MSC, USN, Rear Admiral Bruce McCandless, USN (Ret.), and Associate Professor Gregory J. Mann.
1959. 301 pages.
Naval Leadership, 1st edition..................................................................................................... $3.00.. ($2.40)
Prepared at the U. S. Naval Academy for instruction of midshipmen. 1949. 324 pages.
Selected Readings in Leadership........................................................................ ■ • • • $2.50 ($2.00)
Compiled by Commander Malcolm E. Wolfe, USN, and Captain F. J. Mulholland, USMC. Revised by Leadership Committee, Command Department, U. S. Naval Academy. Revised,
1960. 126 pages. Paper bound.
ENGINEERING
Descriptive Analysis of Naval Turbine Propulsion Plants....................................................... $5.00 ($4.00)
By Commander C N. Payne, USN. 1958. 187 pages. Illustrated.
Fundamentals of Construction and Stability of Naval Ships.................................................... $5.50 ($4.40)
By Professor Thomas C. Gillmer, U. S. Naval Academy, 2nd edition, revised, 1959. 373 pages. Illustrated.
Internal Combustion Engines..................................................................................................... $5.00 ($4.00)
By Commander P. W. Gill, USN, Commander J. H. Smith, Jr., USN, and Professor E. J- Ziurys. 4th edition, 1959. 570 pages. Illustrated.
Introduction to Marine Engineering............................................................................................ $5.50 ($4.40)
By Professor Robert F. Latham, U. S. Naval Academy. 1958. 208 pages. Illustrated.
SCIENCES
Fundamentals of Sonar............................................................................................................. $10.00 ($8.00)
By Dr. J. Warren Horton. 2nd edition, 1959. 417 pages. 186 figures.
The Human Machine, Biological Science for the Armed Services............................................ $5.00 ($3.75)
By Captain Charles W. Shilling (MC), USN. 1955. 292 pages. Illustrated.
Logarithmic and Trigonometric Tables....................................................................................... $1.65 ($1.32)
By the Department of Mathematics, U. S. Naval Academy. 1945. 89 pages.
Marine Fouling and Its Prevention............................................................................................ $10.00 ($8.00)
Prepared for Bureau of Ships, Navy Department, by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 1952. 388 pages. Illustrated.
The Rule of Nine..................................................................................................................... $ .60 ($ .48)
By William Wallace, Jr. An easy, speedy way to check addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. 1959. 27 pages. Paper bound.
LAW
A Brief History of Courts-Martial........................................................................................... $ .50 ($ .40)
By Brigadier General James Snedeker, USMC (Ret.). 1954. 65 pages. Paper bound.
International Law for Seagoing Officers..................................................................................... $6.00 ($4.50)
By Commander Burdick H. Brittin, USN, and Dr. Liselotte B. Watson. 2nd edition, 1960. 318 pages. Illustrated.
LANGUAGES
Introduction to Brazilian Portuguese........................................................................................... $4.50 ($3.60)
By Associate Professor Guy J. Riccio, U. S. Naval Academy. 1957. 299 pages.
Russian Conversation and Grammar, 3rd edition, 1960
By Professor Claude P. Lemieux, U. S. Naval Academy
Vol. One—109 pages. Paper bound............................................................................................ $2.50 ($2.00)
Vol. Two—121 pages. Paper bound........................................................................................... $2.50 ($2.00)
Russian Supplement to Naval Phraseology................................................................................. $4.00 ($3.20)
By Professor Claude P. Lemieux, U. S. Naval Academy. 2nd edition, 1954. 140 pages.
SERVICE LIFE
The Best of Taste, The Finest Food of Fifteen Nations............................................................... $4.00 ($3.00)
Edited by the SACLANT-NATO Cookbook Committee. 1957. 244 pages. Illustrated.
Naval Customs, Traditions, and Usage....................................................................................... $5.50 ($4.13)
By Vice Admiral Leland P. Lovette, USN (Ret.). 4th edition. 1959. 358 pages. Illustrated.
Prayers at Sea............................................................................................................................ $3.50 ($2.63)
By Chaplain Joseph F. Parker, U. S. Navy.
The Sailor’s Wife....................................................................................................................... $1.50 ($1.13)
By Lucy Wright. 1962. 112 pages. 28 cartoons. Paper bound.
Service Etiquette......................................................................................................................... $5.50 ($4.13)
By Rear Admiral Bruce McCandless, USN (Ret.), Captain Brooks J. Harral, USN, and Oretha D. Swartz. Correct Social Usage for Service Men on Official and Unofficial Occasions. 1959. 365 pages.
Welcome Aboard................................................................................................................ $4.00 ($3.00)
By Florence Ridgely Johnson. A guide for the naval officer’s bride. 5th edition, 1960. 273 pages.
SPORTS—ATHLETICS
Revised, 1950. 288 pages
Physical Education Series—V-5 Association of America
Basketball . . . Temporarily out of stock
Boxing..................................... $4.00 ($3.00)
How to Survive on
Land and Sea........................... $4.00 ($3.00)
2nd revised edition, 1956. 366 pages
Intramural Programs . . . $4.00 ($3.00)
Revised, 1950. 249 pages
Conditioning Exercises . . $4.50 ($3.38)
3rd edition, 1960. 275 pages
Football . . . Temporarily out of stock
Gymnastics and Tumbling . $4.50 ($3.38)
2nd revised edition, 1959. 414 pages
Soccer....................................... $4.50 ($3.38)
3rd edition, 1961. 172 pages
Swimming and Diving . . $4.50 ($3.38)
3rd edition, 1962. 345 pages
Hand to Hand Combat . . $4.00 ($3.00) Championship Wrestling . . $4.50 ($3.38)
1943. 228 pages 1958. 223 pages
Modern Fencing....................................................................................................................... $3.00 ($2.25)
By Clovis Deladrier, U. S. Naval Academy. 1948. 289 pages. Illustrated.
By Commander Arthur M. Potter, USNR. 1958. 50 pages. Photographs and diagrams. Paper bound.
Squash Racquets...................................................................................................................... $1.60 ($1.28)
U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY
The Book of Navy Songs......................................................................................................... $2.65 ($1.99)
Compiled by the Trident Society of the Naval Academy. Over 90 old and new songs. 160 pages. Illustrated. Sold only to Midshipmen and Naval Institute members.
Your Naval Academy............................................................................................................... $1.00 ($ .75)
By Midshipmen Burton and Hart. A handsome 48-page pictorial presentation of a Midshipman’s life at the Naval Academy. Brief descriptive captions. 1955. Paper bound.
Proceedings Cover Pictures...................................................................................................... $2.50 ($1.88)
Sets of all 12 cover pictures appearing on the Proceedings in each year of 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959. Printed on 13 X 13 mat. Complete set of 12 for any year.
Reef Points
The Handbook of the Brigade of Midshipmen, 1962-1963 ...................................................... $1.35, net
BOOK
ORDER
DEPT.
U. S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland
Title
Copies Price
$
Compiled by the Reef Points Stair of the Trident Society. The plebe’s bible, a compact book covering the Naval Academy and the history and traditions of the Naval Service.
TOTAL $
(For delivery in Maryland, please add 3% tax)
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