1. Day by day it grows more apparent that the spot-light of service attention will shortly focus upon the torpedo service. It is the inevitable consequence of the expansion of the commissioned personnel to an extent permitting the minds of men to seek their natural bent in various fields of specialized professional endeavor; of the approaching completion of large sea-going destroyers; of submarines of correspondingly large displacement and radius; of the establishment of the Charleston base; and finally of the advent of the parent ship, both surface and submarine. Because of these facts, an examination of the torpedo service as it is today, and as it may be tomorrow if we take full advantage of opportunity, may be considered as timely and to some extent interesting.
2. During a period of ten years, officers in our own and foreign service have independently investigated particular phases of the art of torpedo warfare. The consensus of professional opinion today, as expressed by these writers, seems to be that the submarine will shortly usurp if it has not already usurped the field formerly occupied by the small torpedo-boat; that the first field of the destroyer is on the scouting line; and that the torpedo armament of such vessels is in a measure of secondary importance, carried only in the hope that it may be of service in case of opportunity more or less remote. The question of type of scout, that is whether the destroyer class shall be abandoned entirely in favor of a vessel of larger displacement, say a Chester, is one on which professional opinion has not yet crystallized. The trend of opinion in our service, as expressed by the recommendations of the General Board, is distinctly toward the destroyer; and from our point of view there is much to commend this policy.
The most satisfactory scout that the mind of the naval architect can conceive and the American dollar produce, is comparatively useless unless the type which it represents be constructed in sufficient number. Numbers are essential. It is a mere matter of mathematics to demonstrate that the scouting force necessary to screen a fleet of sixteen battleships should number twenty-four vessels. It follows that the cost and therefore indirectly the size of the scouting unit should be reduced to the lowest possible point consistent with accomplishing the purpose required, which is that of being sea-going, and sea-keeping. Considered from this point of view the destroyer type is most appealing. Compare on this basis a Chester with a Lamson, one of our twenty new destroyers. A Chester, costing three and a half million dollars, absorbing in her complement three hundred and fifty men and twelve officers; and a Lamson, costing eight hundred thousand dollars, absorbing a hundred men and three officers. As long as the Lamson is large enough and staunch enough to be sea-going and sea-keeping her value on the battle line is equally as great if not greater than that of the Chester. The comparison is three to one or more in favor of the destroyer. We already have twenty Lamsons in being, but twenty Chesters are not even in the offing below the water-line. A further point that bears on this question is the wonderful stability of vessels of the torpedo-boat type both large and small, and their ability to keep afloat in spite of the most serious injury. Instances of this are the collision of the Uncas with the Talbot in Key West during the Spanish War; that of the Olivette with the Lawrence; of the Shubrick on Thimble Shoal; and many cited in "Before Port Arthur in a Destroyer." Whatever chance for successful torpedo attack these vessels ever possessed, they still possess in no less degree. The question of the value of the torpedo as a weapon of war has nothing whatever to do with their development as scouts; and the fact remains that we are building twenty, and that shortly we must face the problem of their employment.
3. At the inception of a torpedo service in our navy commensurate with its tonnage, and with present-day needs, there is at hand available to any one who cares to take the trouble to obtain it, a wealth of information much greater than commonly supposed; and which cannot fail to be of tremendous utility to an enterprising officer. Certain it is that the problems of the heavy ship are nowhere presented in print in such clear cut perspective. The Manual for the Mobile Defence, compiled by Commander C. C. Marsh while the Yankee was stranded on Hen and Chickens Reef, and which has been approved for publication by the General Board, is a digest of every report submitted to the Navy Department during the last decade. It is essentially a book of details, intended to enable newcomers in the torpedo service to begin where their predecessors have left off. Therein are outlined plans for the organization of the force built and building into fleets and flotillas; practical working rules for classification for yearly efficiency; all the necessary details of commissioning for the individual command; instructions for the care and preservation of boats in commission and reserve; the equipment of the parent ship; and the basic principles of tactics of the boat and of the flotilla; all this both for the surface boat and the submarine. The Manual was completed about two days before the Yankee sank. Four copies had been prepared, one of which reached the Navy Department. The remainder, together with all the rough notes and reports from which they had been compiled, lie beneath the waters of Buzzards Bay. The early publication of this Manual is most desirable, for in no other way can the purpose and scope of the Mobile Defence be so comprehensively presented to the service at large.
Other interesting and instructive pamphlets, discussing particular phases of the torpedo question, are: "Automobile Torpedoes, Their Use, and Probable Effectiveness," by (then) Lieutenant L. H. Chandler; "Blank Torpedo Shooting," by Commander Dahl, of the Norwegian Navy; "Tactics of the Torpedo, from Notes on the Tactics of Ships," by Captain May, of the English Navy; "Useful Curves, Scouting and the Torpedo Danger Area," by Knapp Logan, and lastly "Torpedo Firing at Moving Targets," by Professor Alger.
4. The operation of torpedo vessels, large or small, on a self-sustaining basis has always been recognized as a makeshift, and their operation either from a fixed base or from a mobile base, that is a parent ship, contemplated. The idea of the fixed base is still in embryo, and by reason of its enormous cost and general impracticability will probably always remain so; but that of a mobile base became an accomplished fact with the commissioning of the Yankee in the summer of 1908, and is still a fact with the detail of the Dixie to this duty. The brief career of the former vessel before she laid her nose on Hen and Chickens Reef, while engaged in the discharge of her duty, was full of incident and action. It almost immediately became apparent that the parent ship offered possibilities for future usefulness that were very great. In every problem of maneuver, search or attack, the parent ship served as the target. The solution of that problem becomes not merely theoretical but real. The torpedo flotilla becomes at all times a self-sufficient, self-sustaining military unit, an adjunct to, but not dependent on, the battleship fleet. As a supply ship, the parent ship satisfies the physical needs of the flotilla; and as a target it satisfies the tactical needs. One seems quite as essential as the other.
Ten years ago, when the idea of the parent ship first appeared in print, its functions were tersely described as a vessel carrying "Oil, waste, spare parts, et cetera." The "et cetera" proves to be the biggest part of the problem. A very limited consideration will make it clear that any vessel that can be a real supply ship to a flotilla of twenty or more torpedo-boats, and by a real supply ship is to be understood one that can meet every reasonable demand of that flotilla in the matter of supplies, of repairs, and of conveniences for extended periods of time, must herself be a very large vessel, a very much larger vessel than first thought might suggest. Among the more essential characteristics would be included, in the approximate relative order of their importance:
1. A sustained cruising speed of fifteen knots, and a steaming radius at that speed equal to that of the battleship fleet, which happens also to be that of the sea-going destroyers. 2. Deck room and head room sufficient for the installation of a modern machine shop, including a Thermit welding plant. 3. A naval supply fund store room. The best idea of the extent of the naval supply fund in the Dixie is conveyed by the statement that it numbers over nine hundred separate items, aggregating in value twenty-five thousand dollars. 4. A fresh water capacity of at least one hundred thousand gallons, and an evaporating plant sufficiently large to keep the supply replenished. 5. Store room, cold storage, clothing, and dry provision space sufficient for one thousand men. 6. Additional store rooms in which each vessel can place the spare parts of machinery, etc. 7. Magazine space for the storage of spare torpedoes, war heads, spare ammunition, etc. 8. Baking capacity of about eight hundred loaves of bread daily. 9. A flush side permitting wharfage of boats without danger of bilging on projecting mooring shackles, sponsons, scuppers, etc. 10. Steam, electric, and fresh water connections at each side.
5. Vessels of the Dixie type meet in themselves, with practically no expenditure of money, almost all the above outlined requirements. With the exception of the machine shop, the alterations necessary are of a very insignificant character, such as the fitting of store rooms, the eliminating of superfluous boats, modification of gangways, etc. If at this day and date, the construction of a model parent ship were undertaken, it would work out to all intents and purposes as a double bottom Dixie.
In the eyes of many officers this type of vessel looms large on the horizon for use as a possible transport, in fact as indispensable in this connection. This is more for the reason that transports have always been, while parent ships are new, than for and other. With the completion of the Vestal and the Prometheus, the salvage of the Yankee, and the purchase of the Shawmut and Tremont, the importance of any one vessel as a transport will grow steadily less and ultimately will be lost entirely. Even at this day and date, and if we did not have a single other transport available, it may be doubted if a vessel could possibly be assigned to duty making more directly for progress and efficiency on the battle line than the parent ship. Transports and transportation are matters of dollars and days, but parent ships are of slower growth, and represent thought. Better indeed were it to have no parent ship at all than to have one which in the midst of important duty, and just when the flotilla has become adjusted to the changed conditions, is detached to haul a draft of men hither and hence; it is a more fatal blow to interest and enthusiasm and efficiency than the old problem of the battleship and the flower show; worse, because it is undignified.
6. The possibilities of the parent ship are many and interesting. Torpedo-boats may lie alongside, affording their crews facilities for washing, bathing and physical exercise. Officers, petty officers and men could stow their spare clothing on board; rest and quiet for men on the binnacle list is secured. The ship's canteen is available, the ship's barber also. These little things in themselves mean all the difference between comfort and discomfort. The ship could be made in effect a floating school of instruction for officers and men. All newcomers should be ordered first to the parent ship, there to take a course of instruction along the following lines: 1. The literature of the service, pamphlets relating to torpedoes, torpedo craft tactics, and torpedo warfare; with particular reference to May's "Tactics of the Torpedo," and the Knapp Logan "Useful Curves." 2. An examination of the plans of all torpedo craft, built and building, their points of similarity, their idiosyncrasies, and relative degree of usefulness. It will be appreciated that the individual would find it very difficult, if not impossible, to become conversant with the above elsewhere than on a parent ship where particular pains would have been taken to get it together. Literature of this type is not found floating around promiscuously, though its importance is not open to question. This would be followed by a course of instructions on official correspondence; the details of management of the captain's office; of the executive officer's office; and of the ship's department; the operation of the lowly typewriter and other work of similar character. An examination of the use, cost price, and trade name of every article in the navy supply fund would be of particular value. Special order number 10, placing the torpedo-boats on a cash allowance for maintenance, makes it necessary to know not to use "boot topping" at three dollars a gallon, when red lead paint at thirty cents a gallon would do just as well. A supplementary course on the Bliss-Leavitt, Whitehead,' and Weymouth torpedoes would be of value, and a course in mines and countermines. In the future it would seem that a very important duty of the flotilla would be to lay mines furnished by the heavy ships. All torpedo crews should be expert mine layers. The defence of the parent ship might some time be best brought about by anchoring behind a temporary mined field. As far as practicable the crew intended for new torpedo craft should be assembled on the parent ship instead of on receiving ships. There under the eyes of interested officers the preliminary instruction of the gun crews could be carried on, and the men would gradually absorb the atmosphere of the flotilla. One of the most difficult prejudices to break down is the old idea of the torpedo-boat and the "White Ship," the idea that the parent ship is a thing apart from the rest of the flotilla.
7. No parent ship other than the Dixie will be required for surface torpedo craft for a long time. The gunboat Castine has been converted into a parent ship for the submarines already in commission. And during the time that the Yankee was on the rocks detailed plans looking toward the conversion of the colliers Marcellus and Hannibal into parent ships for the submarines approaching completion were prepared. Accommodations for twenty officers, two hundred and fifty men, ninety thousand gallons gasoline, dynamo plants, elaborate side moorings, lifting apparatus, and many other features were provided for. This conversion of the smaller colliers to parent ship purposes will be ample to meet the demands of the near future. In this connection it is to be noted that the parent ship for the submarines, while fulfilling all the functions of the parent ship for torpedo-boats, yet differs from the latter in that she affords a berthing space and messing space for the crews of the submarines and therefore is at all times inseparable from them. The logical consequence of this is that in the future, looking to the time when we have submarine flotillas on a large scale, we may expect a fundamental change in submarine flotilla organization. The submarine officers will no longer be ordered to duty in "Command of" submarine "X" or “Y," but to duty “In charge of." The spectacle of eight or more captains on the parent ship, each with the power of punishment, etc., strikes at the root of all military discipline.
8. It is the present intention to organize for work with the Atlantic fleet during the coming summer a flotilla of twelve boats arranged in three divisions of four boats each, with the commander of the parent ship in command of the whole as fleet commander. The basis of this enlarged flotilla is the present third flotilla, one that for several years has rendered consistently good work, as best illustrated by the fact that its vessels fly the pennants for excellence in both gun and torpedo fire. These twelve vessels, supplemented on occasion by one of the smaller colliers, embody all essential elements of a homogeneous mobile defence, the Atlantic torpedo fleet. The detail of its employment should be considered from the point of view, not whether a problem is worth while in itself, but whether it is the problem most worth while in this year of nineteen hundred and nine. The boats concerned should be considered, not as having any particular military value in themselves, but as having some military value as the forerunners of the bigger destroyers to come, which, constructed in groups of five, will be commissioned in groups of four, leaving one boat of each group in reserve at all times available to replace any vessel disabled or injured, and thus preserving the flotilla organization intact. With the passing of the wedge formation as a steaming formation, passes also the necessity for flotillas of an odd number of boats.
9. First thought along the old lines of employment suggests the torpedo. While a torpedo-boat without torpedoes is a curious anomaly, the fact remains that the eighteen-inch Whitehead torpedo is a weapon of the past, and that the type of the future in our service has not at this time been definitely decided upon. After the flotilla has steamed back and forth from Newport to Coddington Cove; after it has spun gyroscopes, fussed and fooled, a summer will have passed. The fact, which we already know, that by the exercise of care and patience, an infinite amount of both, the Whitehead torpedo can be maintained in a fair state of adjustment will again have been demonstrated; but to what useful purpose, none.
Our thoughts turn to speed trials, to work for engine efficiency. By sacrificing two months we can no doubt again demonstrate what has been regularly demonstrated yearly for a decade, that the boats are good for sustained cruising speeds of something under twenty knots and no more. To what useful purpose this, none.
10. Some time about the fall of 1910 the naval force on the Atlantic coast will consist of three great military units, the battleship fleet, the destroyer fleet, and the submarine fleet. Conditions prevailing in the torpedo service today are largely analogous to those of the white ships of yesterday when the ambition of every captain was to get as far from the fleet as possible. To progress from this condition of inefficiency to one of substantial efficiency in the least practicable time, it is essential to keep the relative importance of problems constantly in mind, to realize that a question—the question of a torpedo for example—while of undoubted importance in itself, may properly belong to a later stage of the development of the service and not to the present.
The fundamental problem of flotilla organization is the mobile base—the parent ship. At any cost to individual inclination or personal discomfort, the flotilla should be kept away from docks. Their only wharf should be the side of the parent ship until the organization of that vessel is completely worked out; until the various problems of fresh provisions, the modification, if any, of Special Order number 10, and others of similar character are settled forever. The spirit of the whole organization should be, not does the proposition work, but what should be done to make it work. An efficient mobile base is a tremendous military asset. It spells the difference between mobility and immobility in time of war; and a whole summer if necessary spent in perfecting its details will be time well spent.
The second problem of the hour is the development of flotilla attack, and of scouting. It is a problem of sufficient importance to warrant the absolute sacrifice of gun and torpedo practice for this summer; and of sufficient importance also to warrant the employment of the smaller vessels along lines that more properly belong to the new destroyers, since the crews of the latter will probably be evolved from those of the former. By day and by night the flotilla should attack the parent ship, both at anchor and underway. The entire time devoted by the fleet to preparation for target practice should by the flotilla be devoted to work with the parent ship; always at speeds that render probability of breakdown small; that is at speed somewhat less than twenty knots.
The daily charts of the New York Herald showing the position and approximate time of arrival of incoming steamers offer material for search problems capable of indefinite variation. What more useful occupation can be found for a flotilla than that, at a predetermined time, it should meet a predetermined ship at a predetermined place? If that predetermined ship happens to be the Lusitania, with a thousand or more cabin passengers, the chase is no less interesting.
11. Most schemes of employment fail because they are too ambitious. Three days a week of work such as has been outlined here is as much as any flotilla of boats, each with a handful of men and two officers, can stand without losing interest; and when the men lose interest the work lags, and the boats run down. Having three days for work, Thursday and Friday for cleaning, coaling and repairs, and Saturday and Sunday for rest and recreation, the summer work reduces to a definite number of days, approximately thirty-six, to each of which should be assigned a definite problem for solution. It only remains to connect the day with the deed.
12. In the fall of 1909 the great problem will be the development of the Charleston base. And in view of the fact that a large number of officers are probably not even aware of the assignment of all torpedo craft to that yard, it may be well to indicate some of the reasons which led to its selection, and to briefly outline the future planned for it.
Charleston is intended as a repair base and not in any sense of the word as a maneuver base. Torpedo repair work is essentially specialized work, specialized not only in the sense of requiring skilled mechanics, but also in the sense of requiring a different grade of material from that in ordinary use for ship's work. The practice of practically every navy yard in the past has been to take up such work only when work on the larger vessels was slack. The consequent record of navy yard cruises of the flotilla, "awaiting material" is something appalling. The torpedo-boat Bailey, completed in 1900, made one trip from New York to Port Royal and returned, and has since been continuously under repairs; nine years, one torpedo-boat, and a good one. The torpedo flotilla of tomorrow must be under repair when the battleship fleet is under repair. Twenty destroyers, each two hundred and eighty feet long, require a dock space of fifty-six hundred feet, over a mile—disregarding submarines, parent ships, and the entire reserve flotilla of some twenty-five boats. There is not a single navy yard in the country offering dock space alone, let alone the possibility of handling the work in addition to that of the heavy ships. Philadelphia, Norfolk, Charleston, all were considered. Philadelphia, offering the advantage of dock room and fresh water, is a hundred miles from the sea and in winter blocked by drift ice that would be fatal to any torpedo-boat ever built; Norfolk is handicapped for dock space besides being swamped with work, the record of the Bailey being the record of Norfolk. On the other hand Charleston, offering deep water and dock space for every type of ship, unencumbered by any troublesome problem of organized labor, with an equable climate for eight months of the year, was at hand, built and unused, and those best in position to judge seem to be unanimous in the opinion that ultimately it will prove a very farsighted selection.
13. Appropriate problems for solution during the winter months are those of torpedo repairs, launching tubes, the navigation of the inland passage, and others of like character. The conversion of the colliers Marcellus, Hannibal and Sterling, two into submarine parent ships, and one to an oil fuel collier, cannot well be deferred to a later time than the winter of 1909, without severely handicapping the summer work of 1910. It is not practicable to outline the work farther in advance than the summer of 1910. The point is to see the objective clearly. Once the problem and the relative importance of things are outlined in proper perspective, the evolution of an efficient destroyer flotilla will be as natural as has been the evolution of the battleship fleet.
FLOTILLA MACHINE SHOP, U. S. S. "DIXIE."
ARRANGED BY
LIEUTENANT W. W. SMITH, U. S. N., U. S. S. "SALEM."
General Arrangement—As shown on blue print.
Lighting.—The lighting should be sufficient for work at night and on dark days. Good work cannot be done without good light. All light should be provided with switches, so that those not required can be turned off.
One large switch, located near the door, should be installed, so that all lights can be turned off.
One standing light has been provided.
Power.—All power electric. All large tools independent drive. Power switch located in dynamo room. Small tools belt drive.
Transportation.—A small truck with flat top and portable cradle for 18-inch by 21-inch torpedoes should be provided.
Chain and rope falls should be provided for lowering and lifting.
Traffic.—The shop should be arranged so that interference is reduced to a minimum and so that important places are easily accessible.
Storage.—Ample storage should be provided for so that tools and stores can be obtained quickly as soon as called for. As far as practicable there should be sufficient shelf-room, so that every article will have a place, and every tool, without having to pile them. Care should be given to the construction of bins and racks. Those who have had to practically rebuild store rooms on new ships will appreciate this.
Shelves.—Shelves should be located near all tools and benches, for tools, material, etc.
Office.—For the efficient running of the shop a good office for the chief of the shop and the store room keeper is necessary.
Tool checks.—If the tool check system is to be used, and I think it should be, tool checks and a tool check board should be supplied.
Tool Boards should be made for each lathe, as they are a great convenience.
Dirt Pans and Dirt Cans.—It is important to provide for catching dirt and having plenty of places for it. Dirt pans should be fitted under lathes, etc. Dirt cans should be located around the shop.
Benches.—They should be large and about 32 inches high.
Library.—Catalogues, descriptions of machine tools, etc., and reference books, should be provided for the use of the chief of the shop, store keeper and machinists. They will be a great help in having the work done in accordance with the best practice and also in ordering supplies, etc.
Water, Steam and Air should be piped into the shop for testing and other purposes.
Waste Cans should be conveniently located.
Wash Bowls and Lockers.—In dong fine work it is necessary to wash the hands frequently. Wash bowls are a convenience that I think should be had in a shop of any size.
Urinal.—Located near wash bowls, convenient and a time saver.
Telephone and Voice Tube.—In order to avoid delays, I think these should be put in.
Tool Steel.—All of the tool steel should be of the self-hardening, highspeed variety. Landerson's is recommended.
Patterns and Tinplate.—Heavy tough paper should be supplied for this. It is easy to lay out and cut out. Patterns once made can be marked and filed away for future use. Patterns can easily be made on a torpedo-boat when necessary. Material can be turned out from patterns on file by referring to the boat's number of the pattern.
Drafting Room.—It is very desirable to have a place on board ship for drafting work. A permanent table and board should be put in a convenient place. There should be a supply of instruments, paper, etc., for marking drawings, tracings and blue prints. This will be very valuable in planning changes and improvements in machinery.
Among the minor things, I would suggest plenty of cheap paper and lead pencils, small perforated pads for store orders, etc.
MACHINE TOOLS.
One (I) large lathe—extension gap lathe; triple-geared. Hendey-Norton recommended.
Four (4) small lathes—taper attachment, screw-cutting, cross-feed. Hendey-Norton recommended.
One (I) universal milling machine; back-geared, with supply of cutters to suit work. Brown & Sharpe, Cincinnati, recommended.
Two (2) shapers; front and down-feed, 24-inch and 18-inch stroke; as per specification; Gould & Everhart recommended.
One (I) boring machine, horizontal. Bullard recommended.
One (I) universal radial drill.
Two (2) drill presses.
One (I) emery grinder. Double wheels. Enclosed and water-cooled.
One (I) emery grinder and buffer.
One (I) sensitive drill.
One (I) 6-foot planning machine.
One (I) Portable electric grinder, with attachments to secure on lathe carriages.
One (I) air compressor.
One (I) power hacksaw.
One (I) power combined punch and shears.
One (I) mandrel press.
One (I) pipe threading and bolt-cutting machine.
One (I) bench hand-shear and punch.
One (I) bench lathe for small and delicate torpedo work.
Supporter legs of lathes, excepting gap lathes, to be in two sections, with light apron fitted between to catch chips and dirt.
All power-driven tools to be independent electric-driven. Be careful to specify voltage of the electrical equipment of machine tools.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.
One (I) large gauge-testing outfit, or small steam pump for testing gauges and other work.
One (I) Hauk kerosene or crude oil portable burner, with tank and other attachments.
One (I) adjustable boiler flue-cutter.
Necessary sizes of boiler tube and distiller tube roller expanders. Little giant air drills and hammers. Air hose and attachments. Complete blacksmith set of tools. Anvil, sledges, tongs, etc. Complete coppersmith's set of tools, including tea kettle stake with set of steel faces, hollow mandrel stake, conductor stake, hatchet stake, blowhorn stake, bleakhorn stake, bevel stake, square stake, double seaming stake, bottom stake, creasing stake with horn, needle case stake and solid mandrel stake. Steel plate trolley with differential hoist over large gap lathe. Hoist over hatch for lowering down work and trolley running to cast-iron bed. Beam clamps, angle plates and chucks for lathes and drill presses, two boring bars for lathes. Bench plates between vises. Scales in store room for weighing material served out. Plumber's blow lamps, centering drills and countersinks, three sets of lathe dogs, also clamp dogs. Emery wheel dresser. Hand vises. Ratchets and old men.
One (I) Thermit welding outfit, as per list.
Two (2) pair vernier calipers, 6 inches by 12 inches.
One (I) vernier depth gauge.
Two (2) pair micrometer, I inch by 6 inches; adjustable set of same in case.
One (I) set of beam tram calipers.
Four (4) sets of steel rules or scales, from I inch to 12 inches.
Four (4) steel straight edges, one 12 inches and one 24 inches.
Two (2) combination sets, including square center, protractor and level (12 inches).
One (I) universal level protractor.
Two (2) universal surface gauges, one small, the other large.
Two (2) screw-pitch gauges.
One (I) set thickness gauges.
Twelve (12) I-inch center gauges.
Four (4) standard screw-thread gauges.
Four (4) hardened steel squares, 4 inches, 8 inches, 12 inches and 24 inches.
Six (6) standard wire gauges—English.
Six (6) standard wire gauges—American.
Two (2) set standard machine thread taps and dies.
One (I) set standard pipe thread taps and dies.
One (I) set machine reamers.
One (I) set straight reamers.
One (I) set tapered reamers.
One (I) set of thread combs—stand, machine thread, inside and out.
One (t) test indicator.
One (t) set of Armstrong tool-holders for each machine.
Twelve (12) sets of ball pean hammers, ½ to 3 pounds.
Three (3) sets of cross pean hammers, ½ to 3 pounds.
Two (2) standard surface plates, one 12 inches by 12 inches, and one 24 inches by 24 inches.
Six (6) pair of outside calipers, 2½inches (spring calipers).
Six (6) pair of outside spring calipers, 4 inches.
Six (6) pair of outside spring calipers, 6 inches.
Six (6) pair of outside spring calipers, 8 inches.
Six (6) pair each of inside calipers, 2½ inches, 4 inches, 6 inches and 8 inches.
Six (6) pair each of dividers, 2½ inches, 4 inches, 6 inches and 8 inches.
Two (2) pair inside and outside thread calipers, 3 inches by 5 inches.
Two (2) small chain falls.
Four (4) rope falls and straps.
Two (2) pairs wire cutters.
Six (6) pair plyers.
One (I) carpenter's tool chest (S. E. Standard).
One (I) pneumatic hammer.
One (I) pneumatic electric drill.
One (I) arbar brace for pressing in arbars.
Six (6) star condenser packing tools.
Two (2) Valve reseating machines.
Dirt cans.
Twenty-four (z4) squirt cans.
Oil tanks; waste cans; tool check board; bulletin board; twelve vises; two small vises for fine work; one water cooler; one clock; six thermometers; six chairs; six camp stools.
Small drawing portfolios for sketches and blue prints; one for each boat; stationery, pencils and office equipment.
Store order pads and shop order pads; record books; file boards; stick files; drawing boards; drawing instruments; drawing paper; tracing cloth; cross-section paper; tracing paper; blue print paper; Van Dyke paper or cloth; blue print frame; drawing table (not in machine shop, but entered here as part of equipment of same).
Heavy tough paper for templates and patterns; pressboard for mounting machine; gear tables and instructions; paper tags for labelling work; library of catalogues and books for shop reference; tool boards, one for each lathe; shelves, see below; dirt pans, under machine tools such as lathes; wash basins; clothes-lockers and hooks; two desks, with shelves for library and supplies above—in store room.
Thirty-five (35) sets of tool checks, 10 checks for each ring.
Cast iron erecting floor—used for plate work, heavy work, etc.
One (I) rack, heavy plate storage; racks for long stock storage.
One (I) store room, tool room and office, as described below.
One (I) telephone to central or engineer officer.
One (I) voice tube to engineer officer.
One (I) steam connection; water connections as shown.
Three (3) arc lamps.
One (I) 16 candlepower standing light.
One (I) portable cleaning gear and waste locker under ladder.
One (I) switch for throwing out all lights except standing lights.
FOR STOCK AND OTHER SUPPLIES, SEE ALLOWANCE.
Attention is called to the following: Smooth-on cement; Taurie packing; Garlock "900" packing; spring steel for relief valves, reducing valves, springs, etc.; Babbitt metal; Babbitt ladles.
TOOLS FOR MILLING MACHINE.
One (I) circular table; one (I) vertical head; one (I) ply arbor; two(2) screw arbors, one right and one left; two (2) milling arbors, I inch and I¼ inch; two (2) arbors for face milling cutters, with inserted teeth, I inch and I¼ inch; two (2) special cutters, one for taps and one for reamers.
U. S. S. "DIXIE."
NAVAL SUPPLY FUND.
Acid, muriatic. Candles.
Asbestos, flake. Canvas, cotton.
Ash boards. Canvas, cotton bag.
Bands, rubber. Canvas, cotton Ravens’s.
Baskets, desk. Canvas, flax.
Blades, hacksaw. Canvas, Raven’s light.
Blotters. Canvas, kahki.
Bolts, and nuts, hex., mach. Canvas, kahki Raven’s.
Books, blank. Caps, brass.
Brass, sheet, hard. Cement, Portland.
Brass, sheet, soft. Chisels, cape.
Brick, bath. Chisels, cold.
Brick, fire. Clips, paper.
Bronze, rod, hex. Cloth, emery.
Bronze, rod, round. Copper, sheet, hard.
Brooms, corn. Copper, sheet, soft.
Brushes, paint, flat. Couplings, brass.
Brushes, paint, round. Cups, sponge.
Brushes, varnish. Dryer, Japan.
Brushes, hard, scrub. Elbows, brass, 90°
Brushes, coir and handles. Elbows, brass, 45°,
Buckets, galv. iron. Envelopes, manila.
Bunting, blue. Envelopes, paper.
Bunting, red. Envelopes, plain.
Bunting, white. Erasers, steel.
Bunting, yellow. Eyelets.
Bushings, brass. Lye, concentrated.
Fasteners. Mahogany.
Fasteners Eureka. Manila.
Files. Mats, cocoa.
Files, flat, bastard. Mats, rubber.
Files, half round, bastard. Megaphones, I8-inch.
Files, round bastard. Metal, antiattritian.
Files, flat, smooth. Mucilage.
Files, round, smooth. Muslin, Turkey red.
Files, flat, second, cut. Muslin, white.
Files, slim, taper, saw. Nails, iron, cut, galv.
Folders, paper. Nails, steel, wire.
Fuses, glass, globe. Nipples, brass.
Glass, ground, fine. Oak.
Glass, ground, medium. Oakum.
Glass, ground, coarse. Oars.
Glasses, water, gauge. Oil, Arctic engine.
Globes, hand lantern. Oil, kerosene.
Globes, dark deck lantern. Oil, lard.
Graphite. Oil, linseed.
Grease, Albany. Oil, marengine.
Gum, strip, for gaskets. Oil, sperm.
Halyard, signal. Openers, No. I.
Hinges, brass, f. j. Packing, spiral.
Hinges, brass, l. p. Packing, asbestos, sheet.
Holders, copy, typewriter. Packing, Garlock, l. p.
Holders, pen. Packing, sheet, w. i.
Hooks, boat. Packing, hub.
Hooks, cup, brass. Packing, Garlock, h. p. spiral.
Hose, steam, ¾-inch. Pads, desk.
Hose, wash deck I½-inch. Pads, memorandum.
Iron, bar, flat. Paint, aluminum.
Lamps, I6 c.p., 80 volts, clear. Paint, ferric oxide.
Lamps, 32 c.p., frosted. Paint, zinc, white, in oil.
Lamps, 5 c.p., clear. Paint, ivory drop.
Leads, 5-pound. Paint, chrome green.
Leads, 7-pound. Paint, chrome yellow.
Leads, 9-pound. Paper, blotting.
Lead, sheet. Paper, note.
Lead, red, dr. Paper, typewriter.
Lead, white in oil. Paper, carbon.
Lights, blue. Paper, wrapping.
Linoleum, ½-inch. Paper, oil.
Locks, pads, 2½-inch, with chain. Paper, sand.
Locks, pads, 1½-inch, which chain. Pencils, lead, black.
Locks, pads, 2¼-inch, no chain. Pencils, red and blue.
Loglines, 600-foot. Pencils, copying.
Loglines, 400-foot. Pens, ruling.
Loglines, taffrail, 600-foot. Pens, steel.
Pins, Nol. 3. Tags, linen.
Pins, split, brass. Tallow.
Pins, steel. Tape, insulating.
Pine, dressed. Tees, brass.
Pine, yellow. Thermometers, ord., 0° to 212° f.
Pipe, brass. Thread, linen, red.
Pipe, copper. Thread, linen, white.
Plugs, brass. Thread, linen, yellow.
Polish, liquid, metal. Thread, linen, blue.
Pots, paint. Turpentine.
Punches. Twine, cotton.
Putty, in oil. Twine, linen.
Rivets, copper, boat. Unions, brass.
Rope, wire, I¾-inch. Valves, brass, gate , screw.
Rotators, Negus, log. Valves, brass, angle.
Rulers, No. 7. Valves, brass, globe.
Rulers, B.W.B.E. Valves, brass, check.
Screws, brass, mach. f. h. Valves, brass, cross, screw.
Screws, brass, mach, r. h. Varnish, asphaltum.
Screws, iron, f. h. Varnish, Damar.
Screws, iron, r. h. Varnish, spar.
Screws, brass, wood, f. h. Vaseline.
Screws, brass, wood, r. h. Venetian red, dry.
Sharpener, Gem. Vermilion, in oil.
Shears. Waste, cotton.
Shields, typewriter eraser. Weights, paper.
Skins, chamois. Wicking, spun, ball.
Smooth-on compound. Wire, fuse, 4 amp.
Soap, saltwater. Wire, fuse, 10 amps.
Solder, half and half. Wire, d. c., silk.
Sponges, Loofah. Wire, plain.
Stands, ink. Wire, hard brass.
Stands, mucilage. Wire, soft.
Steel, round, mach. Wire copper.
Steel, round, American tool. Wire lead.
Steel, sheet, galv. Worsted, Zephyr.
Stone, rotton. Zincs, boiler.
Tacks, copper, f. h.
Tacks, thumb.