The Defense of Europe and the North Sea
J. L. Moulton
Major-General Royal Marines (Retired)
General Moulton is the editor of Brassey’s Annual and the chairman of the Council of the Royal United Service Institution. He entered the Royal Marines in 1924, served in HMS Rodney and Revenge and then was a pilot in the Fleet Air Arm, from 1930 to 1935, first in the Mediterranean and then in the China Fleet. He studied at the Army Staff College for two years. In 1940 he was at Dunkirk as a general staff officer with the Army. The next year he was with headquarters of the new Royal Marines Division and in 1942 he took part in the planning and operations of the Madagascar campaign. He served next with the 10th Battalion, Royal Marines, and at Combined Operations Headquarters, before forming 48 (Royal Marines) Commando in 1944. He commanded the commando at Normandy and Walcheren, and in 1945 had command of the 4th Commando Brigade. From 1946 to 1949 he was engaged in various training activities.
During the 1950s he was assistant chief of staff to the Commandant General, Royal Marines; Commander 3rd Commando Brigade, in Malta and the Suez Canal Zone; commander of the Portsmouth Group, Royal Marines; and finally Chief of Amphibious Warfare until he retired in 1961. In his last post he did much to bring about construction of the new assault and logistic ships. He has written extensively on military history and defense; his books include Haste to the Battle, an account of the Second World War in northwestern Europe, and Warfare in Three Elements, concerning the Norwegian campaign of 1940.
Japan and Her Maritime Defense
Hideo Sekino
Commander, Imperial Japanese Navy (Retired)
Commander Sekino was graduated from Etajima Naval Academy in 1929, from the Naval Communication School in 1936, and from the Naval War College in 1944. He served as a staff officer of the 6th Squadron (on board the cruiser Aoba) at the Battle of the Coral Sea; a staff officer of the 11th Squadron (on board the high speed battleship Hiei), at the Battle of Santa Cruz and night battle of Guadalcanal (12-13 November 1942); and as a staff officer of the 2nd Air Fleet (land based) in the Philippine Campaign of 1944. After the War, as a director of the Historical Research Institute, he studied military history and strategy. His books include; New Weapon Reader (1959), Radio-activities and their Effect (1962), The Effect of Chinese Nuclear Armament (1965), and Military Use of Nuclear Power (1969).
Marine Aviation in Vietnam, 1962-1970
Keith B. McCutcheon
Lieutenant General, U. S. Marine Corps
Lieutenant General McCutcheon, an honor graduate of Carnegie Institute of Technology’s ROTC unit in 1937, resigned a U. S. Army Reserve commission to accept appointment as a Marine second lieutenant in August 1937. His first assignment was with the Marine detachment in the Yorktown (CV-5). In 1940, he completed flight training, was designated a Naval Aviator, and subsequently served in the aircraft carriers Ranger (CV-4), Wasp (CV-7), and Yorktown (CV-5). He served as Operations Officer of Marine Aircraft Group 24 at Bougainville and at Luzon and Mindanao in the Philippine Islands from 1944 to 1946. Following the war, he served in the guided missiles division, Bureau of Aeronautics (1946 to 1949) and, in 1950, commanded the Corps’ only helicopter squadron, HMX-1. He commanded Helicopter Transport Squadron 161 during the Korean Conflict and subsequently became Director of Aviation, Headquarters Marine Corps. He commanded the Hawaii-based 1st Marine Brigade before becoming Commanding General, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing and Deputy Commander, III Marine Amphibious Force in Vietnam (1965 to 1966). Upon his return to the United States, he served for almost four years as Deputy Chief of Staff (Air). Promoted to lieutenant general in February 1970, he returned to Vietnam as Commanding General, III Marine Amphibious Force, the post he held while writing this essay. General McCutcheon completed his tour in command of III MAF in December 1970.
Maritime Support of the Campaign in I Corps
Frank C. Collins, Jr.
Commander, U. S. Navy
Commander Collins, currently in the Office of Antisubmarine Warfare Programs (Op-952D), was operations officer at Naval Support Activity, Da Nang, from 1966 to 1967. After Da Nang, he served two years in command of the John A. Bole (DD-755). A graduate of Louisiana State University in 1949, he had served as an enlisted man in 1945-46 in the Catoctin (AGC-5) and at Naples, Italy, and was commissioned in 1952 after several years in advertising and theatre management. He served in the Taconic (AGC-17), as C.O. of the LSS(L)-63, with MSTS, and in the Henry IV. Tucker (DDR-875) before assuming command of the Saline County (LST-1101) in 1957. He was graduated from the Fleet ASW School, served as executive officer of the Shields (DD-596), and was aide and flag secretary to ComCruDesPac before being ordered to the Naval War College (Command and Staff Course) in 1965, from which he was graduated the following June. His tour in Vietnam began shortly thereafter.
The Naval War in Vietnam, 1950-1970
R. L. Schreadley
Commander, U. S. Navy
Commander Schreadley enlisted in the Navy in 1949 and served in the Forrest Royal (DD-872) and Leyte (CV-32). A graduate of Dickinson College in 1955, he was commissioned an ensign in the Naval Reserve that same year.
He has had tours of duty as gunnery officer in the Hank (DD-702), as an instructor of naval science at the New York State Maritime College, as mine warfare officer on the Staff of Commander Mine Squadron Four, as Officer in Charge of the Greenwood (DE-679), and as Commanding Officer of the Sturdy (MSO-494). From 1967 to 1969, he was a postgraduate student at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy where he was awarded the M.A. degree in 1968 and the M.A.L.D. degree in 1969. He is now a candidate for the Ph.D. degree at that institution. From 1969 to 1970, he served as a special assistant on the staff of Commander Naval Forces, Vietnam. Currently he is assigned as Commander Mine Division 45.
“Capable of Serving as a Naval and Military Auxiliary...”
Lane C. Kendall
Commercial Shipping Advisor to the Commander Military Sea Transportation Service from 1960 until his retirement from federal service in 1969, Mr. Kendall went to that post after 14 years on the faculty of the U. S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York, where he developed a unique course in practical steamship management. He holds B.A. and M.A. degrees from Tulane University and has done graduate work at the Universities of California and Princeton. In 1939, he terminated four years of service with W. R. Grace and Company and went on active duty with the Marine Corps. He retired from the Reserve in 1961 with the rank of colonel.
Mr. Kendall is the author of the essays “The Military Support Role of M.S.T.S.” and “U. S. Merchant Shipping and Vietnam,” published in the 1965 and 1968 volumes of Naval Review. He has contributed articles to many publications, including the U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Marine Engineering/Log, Marine News, and the Encyclopedia Americana.
He also lectures at the Munson Institute of American Maritime History, Mystic, Connecticut.
The Pollution of the Coastal Ocean and the Great Lakes
M. Grant Gross
Professor Gross has been a member of the Marine Sciences Research Center of the State University of New York at Stony Brook since 1968. During that period he has directed a research program investigating the environmental impact of, and evaluating possible management tools for, waste disposal operations in coastal waters near the New York metropolitan region. A graduate of Princeton University in 1954, he served two years in the field artillery as battalion survey officer. In 1961, he received his Ph.D. in geology and geochemistry from the California Institute of Technology. From 1961 to 1968, he was a faculty member of the Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, where he worked on oceanographic aspects of the discharge of radioactive wastes from the plutonium-producing reactors on the Columbia River. During a joint appointment at the Smithsonian Institution from 1966 to 1968, Dr. Gross served as a consultant to the State of Maryland on problems of detecting excessive sediment discharges to Maryland streams and to the Corps of Engineers in establishing research programs on the effects of Corps-regulated waste disposal operations in the New York City area. Professor Gross has written two elementary textbooks on oceanography and published more than 40 scientific papers, including articles in the Encyclopaedia Britannica. He has served on several advisory groups concerned with problems of waste disposal in the ocean for the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, the U. S. Coast Guard, and the Bureau of Solid Waste Management, now in the newly created Environmental Protection Agency.
Destroyers, 1971
Richard F. Cross, III
Mr. Cross is a consultant and writer in New England, concerned with naval and maritime affairs and analysis for both government and industry. From 1967 until 1970 he was manager of program development, DD-963, at the Quincy Shipbuilding Division of the General Dynamics Corporation. Part of his work with the DD-963 program included management of combat systems, ship design, and ship integration. He was graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1944 and, after three and a half years service as a naval officer in Washington and with both the Atlantic and Pacific fleets, in the Portsmouth (CL-102), Vigilance (AM-324), and PC-1346, he joined General Dynamics Corporation where for 14 years he was involved in the engineering and management of naval aviation programs. Beginning in 1962 he served five years with North American Aviation as a corporate executive in oceanographic, antisubmarine, and shipbuilding development and planning.
The Influence of Modern Sea Power, 1945-1970
John D. Hayes
Rear Admiral, U. S. Navy (Retired)
Admiral Hayes has written extensively on modern applications of sea power for professional military and naval periodicals, particularly the U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings, and for non-professional publications. In 1965 he won the U. S. Naval Institute’s Prize Essay Contest with “Sine Qua Non of U. S. Sea Power: the Merchant Ship.” He prepared commentaries, similar to the one appearing in this book, for the 1966, 1967, 1968, and 1969 editions of Naval Review. Graduated from the Naval Academy in 1924, he served successively in the USS Milwaukee (CL-5), USS Litchfield (DD-336), and USS West Virginia (BB-48), with time out to obtain a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of California and for study at the Naval Postgraduate School. He commanded the USS Hunt (DD-194) and USS Breckinridge (DD-148), and in 1941 became chief engineer of the USS Astoria (CA-34), and was aboard her when she was lost in 1942. He was in the Third Amphibious Force and then on the staff of the Seventh Amphibious Force, and drew up the plans for the Philippine and Borneo operations and for the occupation of Korea and North China in 1945. During the Korean War he was Commander Service Squadron One, Pacific Fleet. He attended the Army and Navy Staff College, the Naval War College, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, and was on the faculty of the latter before he retired in 1954.
Soviet Naval Activities–1970
Robert W. Daly
Professor Daly has taught history at the U. S. Naval Academy since 1 July 1946. He was graduated from Loyola University of Chicago in 1939 and was awarded a Ph.D. in History from that University in 1949. A captain in the U. S. Coast Guard Reserve, his affiliation with that organization began in 1941. An instructor in general studies of the U. S. Coast Guard Academy until 1943, he served in the USS Poughkeepsie (PF-26) later in World War II.
His principal professional interest since 1957 has been teaching an elective course in Russian Military and Naval History, from which a manuscript tentatively entitled “A Survey of Russian Wars” is developing. He is the author of Broadsides (1940); Soldier of the Sea (1942); and Guns of Yorktown (1953). He contributed to The Soviet Navy (1958); and he edited Aboard the Monitor (1964).
Naval and Maritime Events
January 1970-June 1970
William E. Dutcher
Lieutenant, U. S. Naval Reserve
Lieutenant Dutcher, coauthor of the chronology, served in the Office of the Chief of Information, Navy Department, during 1969. In 1966, following his graduation with a degree in journalism from the University of Oklahoma, he attended OCS. He then served for two years as assistant public affairs officer, U. S. Naval Base, Subic Bay, Philippines. He was editor of Direction magazine, a journal published monthly by the Chief of Information, until he completed his military obligation in July 1970. He is now assistant director for media information, University of Oklahoma, and is enrolled fulltime as a graduate student at the university, working toward a master’s degree in journalism.
Naval and Maritime Events
July 1970-December 1970
Toby Marquez
Lieutenant (junior grade), U. S. Navy
Lieutenant (j.g.) Marquez is head, motion picture department (contract films), Office of Information, Navy Department. Prior to entering the Navy in 1957, he was a staff writer for the daily Philippines Herald and a photographer for the weekly Philippines Herald Magazine in Manila. In his first 11 years in the Navy, one year of which was spent studying photojournalism at Syracuse University, he rose to become a chief petty officer. In 1968, he received his commission as an ensign following graduation from Officer Candidate School in Newport, Rhode Island. Prior to his present assignment, he served on the Navy news desk at the Pentagon and, prior to that, he was assistant public affairs officer for the Fifth Naval District. As an enlisted photojournalist he travelled to Asia, the South Pacific, Europe, the Mediterranean, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. In Asia he covered naval operations in Quemoy and Vietnam. While in the Pacific he also wrote, directed, and produced for nationwide distribution the Navy radio program “Across the Blue Pacific.” In the Atlantic from 1964-65, he prepared and published for the Navy a special documentary on the historic mixed-manning of the guided missile destroyer USS Claude V. Ricketts (DDG-5) by navymen from six NATO countries.
J. B. Finkelstein
Lieutenant Commander, U. S. Navy
Lieutenant Commander Finkelstein is the public affairs officer at the U. S. Naval Academy. He received his undergraduate degree from Louisiana State University in 1960 and, after attending Officer Candidate School at Newport, was commissioned an ensign in the naval reserve. He served in the Francis Marion (APA-249) from 1961 to 1962. From 1963 to 1964, he served as assistant public affairs officer at Headquarters Eighth Naval District.
In 1965, he became assistant public affairs officer on the staff of Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet. During this tour he was assigned two extended temporary duty tours with the Seventh Fleet public affairs detachment in Saigon. He served as public affairs officer for Commander First Fleet from 1967 to 1968 and entered the University of Wisconsin under the Navy postgraduate education program in September 1968. He received his master’s degree in journalism/mass communications early in 1970 and reported to the Naval Academy later that same year.