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Between 1932 and 1953 a fleet of ordinary cargo ships was pressed into extraordinary service to relocate a million forced laborers to the infamous Soviet Gulag in Kolyma, Siberia. One of the largest seaborne movements of people in history, it took a devastating toll on human lives. This book documents the often horrific stories of the Gulag fleet and its passengers and reveals the unwitting role of the U.S. government in the operation. U.S. shipyards built most of the Gulag fleet and later overhauled many ships free of charge. Bollinger details the tragic tale using firsthand testimony from those involved in the operation and materials from both American and Russian archives. His examination of how much Washington knew about this sordid chapter in history adds valuable information to the record.
Martin J. Bollinger is a management consultant with a leading strategy and technology consulting firm. He lives in Great Falls, VA.
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