Regardless of tactical successes, wars at sea are won or lost at the strategic and operational levels.
A major prerequisite for success in naval conflicts is operational thinking on the part of flag officers and their staffs. This is mostly ensured through knowledge and understanding of all aspects of this type of warfare, yet the U.S. Navy still largely thinks in terms of tactics and strategy. Operational art is either misunderstood or given short shrift by its senior leaders, even though during the past decade the Navy has made efforts to educate and train operational planners.
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