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Jane’s Fighting Ships:
1975-76
Captain John E. Moore, Royal Navy (Retired), Editor. New York: Franklin ^atts, Inc., 1975. 688 pp. Illus. $72.50.
Reviewed by Richard F. Cross, III
(Mr. Cross is a 1944 graduate of the toassachusetts Institute of Technology in naval architecture and marine engineering. He has been connected with advanced seaplane design, nuclear seaplane studies, avionics and surface Weapons systems, ship and aircraft integrated eomhat systems, and the Navy’s DD-963 program. A former manager of Advanced Ship Systems, Pomona Division of the General Dynamics Corporation, Mr. Cross was most recently a management consultant to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency.)
A bit like one of Detroit’s automotive products, Jane’s Fighting Ships: 1973-76 ls too expensive, too big, becomes dated 'n a year, and could be better assembled. However, like that large Detroit car, it dependably fills a need for which there *s no real substitute at any price—providing a description of the more than 15,000 ships in the 120 or so navies of the world.
In terms of organization, there is little new for 1975-1976. The body of the book covering the world’s warships has been expanded by nearly 30 pages. Information on naval aircraft and missiles, however, has been reduced to tables, eliminating all graphics and most commentary. This means that a full description of a complete naval weapon system can now involve three Jane’s annuals: Fighting Ships, All The World’s Aircraft, and Weapon Systems—a combined outlay of over $200.00, and a measure, in one sense, of the complexity and cost of a modern navy.
Within the body of the book there has been a detailed updating of ship specifics: Spain opting for two large home-built submarines of the French Agosta class; South Africa building her first warships—frigates similar to the Portuguese Joao Coutinho class; Israel increasing her number of the highly successful Reshef (Saar IV)-class missile boats to 12; and some South American countries going big on submarines and destroyers. Romania now has a number of Chinese-built hydrofoils and patrol craft, as does Pakistan. Mexico has made her first major investment in new naval craft in years with the purchase of 21 Azteca-dass fishery protection vessels— now commissioning. France has announced plans to build an 18,000-ton nuclear-powered helicopter carrier which would be operational in 1980. (See Notebook, page 119, August 1975 Proceedings for a complete description and drawing of this ship.)
The reviews covering the U. S. and Soviet navies remain apart in detail. The U. S. section is over one fourth of the book with its accurate but plain profile drawings, voluminous text, and generous specifics. It remains an impressive cut above the rest of the book despite errors in a few graphics, such as the Midway (CV-4i) being shorter than the Hancock (CV-19) in the profile drawings section. Of particular interest are the pictures of the USS Nimitz (CVN-68) and a profile drawing of the controversial strike cruiser (CSGN). Also, the July 1975, U. S. Navy changes in designations of various ship categories, primarily affecting the frigate and destroyer escort classes, are handled well.
The information on the Soviet Navy is updated with a number of new photographs, many of them mysteriously without credit lines, as well as with selected profile drawings (the best in the book) by S. Breyer. There is nothing new on the 35,000-ton carrier Kiev, but there is a good sketch of the modified gas turbine-powered "Kashins,” although the correct bridge structure is not shown. The coverage on the "Turya”-class hydrofoil patrol craft, impressive with their advanced gun armament and 165-ton size, not too much
less than the new U. S. PHMs, is timely and relatively complete.
The United Kingdom section, like the Royal Navy itself, has come on hard times. The drawings, where available, range from fair to incredibly poor. There are, however, pictures of the gas turbine-powered destroyer Sheffield and the Ajax modified for the Australian Ikara ASW system.
Recognition characteristics are concentrated in the front of the book, as last year, in the form of blue silhouettes to a common scale. Also, the indecision continues as to where submarine information should be reported. Years ago submarines followed surface combatants. Ballistic missiles and nuclear power moved them to the fore, ahead of all surface ships. Now they are unevenly distributed throughout. One new and very desirable feature, at the front of the book, is a two-page summary of major naval programs. This highlights the year’s activities, from an acquisition point of view, providing a quick guide to important changes described in the body of the book.
Captain Moore, in his third year as editor, provides a lengthy "Foreword” which is professional in tone and good in content. He is generally successful in giving policy meaning to the tremendous amount of hardware-oriented data that follows. Captain Moore states that there are only two "super power” navies — the U. S. Navy and the Soviet Navy. While the size of the former is shrinking, despite impressive new designs and an improving shipbuilding program, the latter continues its expansion, often beyond its own recognized legitimate requirements. Moore’s comments have drawn fire from Tass, which recently accused him of attempting to destroy detente. The foreword has grown in size to the point where it may need its own boldfaced subdivisions so that one could refer quickly from the comment to the statistics and back again.
In summary, Jane’s Fighting Ships: 1975-76 is comprehensive but flawed. Captain Moore’s comments demonstrate his understanding of the naval environment and, hopefully, this awareness will ultimately extend to creating a more effective format. Much as Detroit in the auto business, Jane’s, although criticized, remains without peer as a naval reference. Its tremendous prestige, built over 78 years of existence, combined with a limited market, ensures this exalted position. Hopefully Fighting Ships of the future will be even more worthy as number one.
First World War Atlas
Martin Gilbert (Cartography by Arthur Banks). New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1973. 159 pp. Illus. $4.95 ($3.95).
Atlas of the Second World War
Edited by Brigadier Peter Young (Cartography by Richard Natkiel). New York: Putnam’s Sons, 1974. 288 pp. Illus. $17.95 ($14.35).
Reviewed by Major General J. L. Moulton, Royal Marines (Retired)
{Major General Moulton’s long career in the Royal Marines stretched from 1924 to 1961 and included extensive combat service in World War II. Among the several books he has written on military subjects is The Norwegian Campaign of 1940. He has contributed several Naval Review essays and was editor of Brassey’s Annual from 1964 to 1973.)
Two atlases in different styles about different wars illustrate the problems which confront the cartographer when he ventures beyond the confines of topography. History and geography are both concerned to generalize, arrange, and present a mass of data in intelligible form; while the topographer has fairly definite limitations of choice in what to present, those of the historian are more complex.
Martin Gilbert, a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, who, since the appearance of the series of historical atlases of which this is one, has in his two volumes so far published in the Churchill biography (begun by the late Randolph Churchill) established himself in the front rank of modern historians, is primarily concerned with the politics and strategy of World War I. At tactical levels, rather than attempt to describe every battle in detail, he picks just enough to show what was happening. For the Western Front, for example, a few trench maps, others of the tunnelling around Arras, the cemeteries of the Somme, and the mud at Passchendaele, together with a few to show the main gains and losses of territory, serve better to tell the story than a blow-by-blotv account of four years of battle.
Politics and strategy are, to a large extent, dealt with in terms of territory and statistics. The statistical approach is particularly well adapted to the nav3l war of 1914-1918, a war of blockade rather than of battle. Maps of ship sinkings, both surface units and submarines, of Allied ships built, and of German food riots say a great deal more about the decisive factors than would track charts of Jutland.
Yet the purely statistical approach has its pitfalls. Take, for example, an early map showing numbers mobilized m August 1914. The figure here for the United Kingdom, 975,000, would, I fancy, have gratified Kitchener, had he been able to put his hands on anything like that number of trained men. The figure must include something more than the Regular Army at home and its first-line reserves. It probably includes the Royal Navy, possibly the partly- trained Territorial Army or the army in India. For Belgium the figure given is 117,000, which was in fact the strength of the field army and excludes fortress troops, depots, etc. The figures for the major land powers, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, have been variously computed by different authorities, and without more explanation are likely to be misleading.
Brigadier Peter Young, World War II commando soldier turned author and history teacher at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, adopts the battle by battle, campaign by campaign approach. His maps, mostly rather small but admirably clear, are accompanied by outline narratives and a few pictures each to give an impression of the contemporary scene.
The Pacific War is well handled, but it comes as a surprise to find nothing about the fighting at sea in a section entitled "The War in the Mediterranean.” Later one finds Taranto, Mata- pan, and the Malta convoys in a section on naval warfare tacked on with another on the war in the air at the end of the book. Thus, except for the Pacific, the close interlocking of sea, land, and air action, which was so much a feature of World War II, is ignored.
The war in Russia is described fully
0 NAUTICAL MILES 6 ©
1 I_ I------ 1----- 1----- 1----- 1
Aaron Ward damaged
Barton sunk
Cushing. Laffey, Sterett and O'Bannon cruisers:
Atlanta, San Francisco. Portland,
Helena and Juneau
, destroyers:
Aaron Ward, Barton. Monssen, Fletcher
0 NAUTICAL MILES 10
1 ______ l !
©
Task Force 64 (Lee) battleships
- | South Dakota
2317 ^ Washington
.Gwin
\a
» Walke J
2322 Destroyers Guadalcanal open fire
—1--------------
Tanaka's 2nd Dest. Flot,
and transports
Suzukaze\ . 2306 KawakawX \Takanami Kagero^/^ *
Kuroshioc// sJOyashio ///
Makinami Naganami
O NAUTICAL MILES 5 llll l—i
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'Van destroyers ^ 2348
Northampton sunk
Ironbottom Sound'
destroyers:
Fletcher / Perkins // Maury
y/ Drayton crujsers:
2238 Minneapolis ''C- New Orleans
destroyers:
Lamson
Lardner
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
These three maps, extracted from the Atlas of the Second World War, depict the naval actions of Guadalcanal in November 1942. On 12/13 November (map 1) Rear Admiral Callaghan’s escort force intercepted Vice Admiral Abe’s Guadalcanal relief force; on the 14th113th (map 2) V. S. Task Force 64 (under Rear Admiral W. A. Lee) engaged Admiral Tanaka’s second relief force (under Admiral Hondo); and on 30 November/1 December Tanaka’s 2nd Destroyer Flotilla was met by Task Force 67 (under Rear Admiral Wright) at the entrance of Ironbottom Sound.
and well, but, except for the River Plate, the Bismarck, and the surface raiders, the Battle of the Atlantic is ignored. From a Russian this might be understandable, but for the Western Allies, and certainly for Britain, in Churchill’s words, "The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war,” and the convoy battles of April 1943, I would suggest, a truer turning point than Alamein or Stalingrad. To omit completely the whole business of submarine and antisubmarine warfare is at best a serious editorial lapse and possibly indicates a failure to understand the grand strategy of the Western Allies.
Both atlases contain vast amounts of information, which must have taken a great deal of work to compile and arrange. Both will be valuable for reference and as background visual aids for instruction. I doubt if anyone will read them through page by page, but those who leaf through Martin Gilbert’s will find in it striking insights, some of which may have escaped them in previous reading.
Inside the Company:
CIA Diary
Philip Agee. New York: Stonehill Publishing Co., 1975. 640 pp. $9.95 ($.95 for paper).
KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Agents
John Barron. New York: Reader’s Digest Press, 1974. 462 pp. Illus. $10.95 ($1.95 for paper).
Reviewed by Commander Robert E. Bublitz, U. S. Navy (Retired)
(Commander Bublitz' 13 years in intelligence included assignments in the Far and Middle Bast as well as Europe. He was also an Office of Naval Intelligence collection desk officer and. later, head of the naval attache system. An intelligence specialist, graduate of the Naval Intelligence Postgraduate School, German and Arabic linguist, he retired in 1968 and is now a vice president of The Chase Manhattan Bank.)
These books, read in succession, provide interesting views of the major intelligence agencies of the United States and U.S.S.R., each as seen from the other’s point of view. Coincidentally,
they are also an interesting exercise in disinformation, as KGB and CIA term their efforts to do each other public disservice. The books vary widely in workmanship, documentation, and the amount of public and private discomfort they are causing their targets. There is little chance that KGB will ever be allowed to make the Russian best-seller list, as Agee’s book is doing here.
In political and public impact, Agee’s CIA Diary must be judged the winner hands down. Coming in the wake of Watergate, the Rockefeller Commission, the Church Committee, and the legion of exposures, exposes, and other, often times hysterical attacks on the CIA in particular and U. S. intelligence efforts in general, one can only call Agee’s timing superb! The stampede to attack U. S. intelligence activities by such disparate bedfellows as Penthouse (Tad Szulc, "Murder by Proxy,” August 1975), The New York Times (Seymour Hersh’s destructive articles exposing past and present U. S. intelligence operations), and a host of others, can only lead one to speculate that the jackals have smelled blood, overtaken their limping victim, and piled on. The vital question is will they be able to pull down the CIA?
Without philosophizing about covert actions, intelligence, intelligence agencies, and their role in the scheme of things, a quick comparison of the literary merits of KGB and CIA Diary is in order. On a scale of 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent), for the serious student of intelligence, they rate about as follows:
Readability | CIA Diary 2 | KGB 8 |
Documentation | 2 | 9 |
Index | 0 | 6 |
Bibliography | 0 | 7 |
Scope of Subject Matter | 4 | 9 |
Scholarship | 5 | 8 |
Disclosure | 9 | 9 |
Damage | 9 | 5 |
Credibility | 5 | 8 |
Totals | 36 | 69 |
The score stacks | against CIA Diary |
because of the lack of an index, bibliography, and, indeed, the very slight attention paid to documentation overall. A gee claims to have relied on his memory to recall the myriad of opera
tions, sources, events, and conversations dating back some 15 years. His organizational device of reconstructed chronology is a major impediment, since nothing is followed through to its conclusion by itself. Each day, with its numerous distracting events, is described as the pages fall from the calendar, giving events an erratic, stop-and-go sort of quality. Agee acknowledges assistance from a number of Cuban, Communist, and other left-wing organizations in his research, and one suspects that a great deal of what appears to be remarkable recall really is the author surfacing the results of KGB and Cuban counterintelligence efforts. Both books cause great pain to CIA or KGB, but Agee’s irresponsible disclosure of the names of many CIA agents and fronts in Latin America is far more damaging than the revelations in KGB, nearly all of which were publicized as the operations were neutralized by security authorities. Qualitatively, KGB is a far superior work to CIA Diary. If, however, one can divorce oneself from the distaste for a turncoat and fight through many pages of boredom, two parts of CIA Diary are fascinating.
Agee’s treatment of CIA’s junior officer training is very well done, indeed. A two-page summary of audio surveillance techniques, although somewhat dated, deserves particular mention, especially if one follows the application of the techniques in field operations later in the Diary.
Agee’s summary of foreign intelligence and counterintelligence operations is also very good. He writes with authority and experience, and he makes excellent sense. The rest of the book would be interesting if the trivia were weeded out and a better perspective provided. Unfortunately, Agee is unable to distinguish between the context in which a covert operation takes place and operationally vital, but journalistically insignificant detail.
Late in his book, Agee recounts his disillusionment with the CIA and his conversion to the "people’s cause.” Meg Greenfield summed up Agee’s change of heart in The Washington Post: "[Agee]
. . . strikes me as one of those fellows who have simply turned in one uncritical enthusiasm for another . . .” and I can not disagree.
John Barron does a much better job of addressing the subject of intelligence in KGB. The book is functionally organized; the operations are stripped of useless detail; and the vignettes and stories are carefully chosen to illustrate both the functions of the KGB and the massive scale upon which it operates. Much easier to read than the CIA Diary, it is also a much better text on the covert action which the KGB and its predecessor organizations have used so freely.
Royal United Services Institute and Brassey’s Defence Yearbook, 1974
S. W. B. Menaul (Editor). New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1974. 338 pp. Illus. $20.00.
Reviewed by Arthur Davidson Baker III
(Air. Baker, an analyst with the Navy Department, was a 1963 magna cum laude graduate of Harvard. His active duty service included duty in a destroyer escort and with the Naval Intelligence Command. He has contributed to a number of books and periodicals, including the Naval Review and Proceedings.)
The venerable Brassey’s, founded in 1886 as a naval annual, appears in its 1974 edition under new management and, reflecting its new affiliations, has had its title expanded. Since 1950 the periodical has addressed various topics of military and politico-economic interest rather than merely naval matters. In recent years Brassey’s had been edited by the very able Major General J. L. Moulton, Royal Marines (Retired), whose own writings on world military affairs have made him one of the most respected writers in the field. This latest edition, produced under the auspices of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies and introduced by its director general, Air Vice Marshal S.W.B. Menaul, Royal Air Force (Retired), lacks some of the focus of its earlier companions but, nonetheless, contains much of direct interest to a U. S. audience seeking stimulating discussion of current problems.
The book is divided into three parts, the largest entitled "Strategic Review” and containing ten essays by authors in
PRIVATEERS
&VOLUNTEERS
the main highly qualified to discuss their subjects. The second portion of the hook shows an unfortunate contrast in level of sophistication. Entitled "Modern Weapon Technology,” it attempts, ln some 114 pages, to explain to an uninitiated reader basic technical, strategic, and tactical complexities, and the significance of such weapon systems as strategic missiles, air defense, remotely piloted vehicles, anti-tank and field artillery, to name a few of the 15 topics covered. In an attempt to cover so much in one book the effort cannot help but he incomplete, inaccurate, and simplistic m places. These short essays (author unidentified) seem shallow and by no means cover all aspects of modern weapon technology. The two major portions of the work thus coexist somewhat uncomfortably within the same covers. The final part is a rather brief, topic-oriented bibliography of English language, book-length works (June 1973—May 1974) dealing with policy level defense matters.
It is for the essays in Part One, then, that Brassey’s is commended to the professional military reader. A variety of topics is covered, with no central theme evident. Particularly praiseworthy is W.A.C. Adie’s "China’s Strategic Posture in a Changing World” which seeks to show that, despite attempts to eradicate the now-heretic philosophy, Chinese policy is still shaped by a Confucian thought structure ingrained in its aging leaders. Adie identifies two current Chinese views of the potential threat to the country. Some see the United States as the prime enemy, others the U.S.S.R. Adie, however, notes that the Chinese have the ability to "exploit the manifold world contradictions” by playing one threat against the other. His point that China has oil reserves as large as those of the Middle East is significant, but even more so is the basic international tenet of Chinese strategy: China can afford to wait while others cannot.
Oil from the Middle East is the subject of R. M. Burrell’s "Strategic Aspects of the Energy Crisis: A New Challenge for the West” which covers admirably a problem with which we are becoming ever-more-uncomfortably familiar. Two essays deal with France’s military position. The first, by James Bellini, offers a very readable, yet fact-filled analysis of the cost of France’s nuclear deterrence to her economy: 20% of France’s military budget in 1975 is devoted to nuclear weapon systems while in the U. K. the figure is only 2%, yet the proportion of France’s GNP devoted to the defense budget continues to decline. Arms exports from France in 1973 amounted to 4% of all exports, third in the world in value behind the United States and the U.S.S.R. Pierre Dabezies’ "The Defence of France and the Defence of Europe” is steeped in the current rhetoric of French distrust of U. S. motives and France’s destiny as a European bloc leader, yet offers valuable insight into the rationale for French conduct.
Neville Brown’s "The Manifold Duality” provides a short history of recent Soviet-U. S. relations, while James E. Dougherty’s contribution, "Soviet- Western Arms Negotiations: SALT and MBFR,” makes very clear the concepts and background of detente, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), and Mutual Balance of Forces Reductions (MBFR) negotiations. The essays, "U.S. —Soviet Strategic Balance in the Mediterranean” and "The Confrontation of the Superpowers at Sea,” are severely hampered by their lack of accurate and complete data. The editor’s own "Reflections on the Middle East War” seems an exemplary interpretation of the October 1973 Arab-Israeli conflict. The final essay, by R. L. Walker, addresses Southeast Asia and has been overtaken by events since the December 1974 publication date; however, its well-reasoned forecast of more difficulties to come is still all too relevant.
Collections of essays by academics (both learning institution and research- foundation affiliated) often seem as though the various participants quote each other as their principal sources. On defense matters, public data is so sparse and usually in favor of the government since it is the releasing authority, that the authors have little choice but to mine each other’s interpretations. It is to the credit of the new proprietors of Brassey’s that this pitfall is generally avoided. Despite this reviewer’s reservations on the second part of the book, Brassey’s seems in good hands and holds promise for continued publication of excellent and pertinent material in the future.
PRIVATEERS
&
VOLUNTEERS
1776-1866
by Captain R. E. Stivers, USNR
This book is a history of our country’s naval reserve. To accomplish his purpose, the author found it necessary to separate the intertwined histories of the regular Navy and its reserve component. No other naval historian has ever made this distinction. Privateers and Volunteers is the first definitive study to treat the naval reserve as a separate military, political, and historical entity. This first volume of a projected two-volume work is drawn in part from letters and diaries.
1975. 528 pages. Appendices. Index. Bibliography.
List price: $17.00 Member’s price: $13.60
A Naval Institute Press Book Add 50? to each order for postage and handling.
(Please use book order form in Books of Interest to the Professional section)
Books of Interest to the Professional
Compiled by Professor Jack Sweetman, Associate Editor
NAVAL AFFAIRS ISl The Battle of Sirte
Captain S. W. C. Pack, CBE, Royal Navy (Retired). Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1975. 144 pp. Ulus. $7.50 ($6.00).
The second battle of Sirte, the main subject of this book, was fought on 22 March 1942. It occurred when an Italian force consisting of the battleship Littorio, two heavy cruisers, and a light cruiser under Admiral Angelo Iachino attempted to intercept a vital British convoy to beleaguered Malta. It was escorted by five light cruisers and a few destroyers under Rear Admiral Philip Vian ("Vian of the Cossack”). The ensuing engagement was considered by Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham to be one of the most brilliant actions of World War II. This is number 14 in the Naval Institute’s series, "Sea Battles in Close-Up.”
[SI The Escape of the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau
Lieutenant Commander Peter Kemp, OBE,
Royal Navy (Retired). Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1975. 96 pp. Ulus. $6.00 ($4.80).
The 13th volume of the Naval Institute’s "Sea Battles in Close-Up” series describes the
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Members may order books of other publishers through the Naval Institute at list price. (Prices quoted in this column are subject to change and will be reflected in our billing.) The postage and handling fee for each such special order book of a United States publisher will be 509; the fee for a book from a foreign publisher will be $1.00. When air mail or other special handling is requested, actual postage and handling cost will be billed to the member. Books marked are Naval Institute Press Books. Books marked JmJ are Naval Institute Book Selections. All prices enclosed by parentheses are member prices. Please use the order blank in this section.
Channel Dash of February 1942, when the German battleships (battle-cruisers to the British) Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen passed through the Straits of Dover in broad daylight to reach German waters almost unopposed. The miscarriage of the British attempts to intercept them, maximized by the meticulous German planning, supports the old definition of luck as preparation presented with opportunity.
O.R. in World War 2: Operational Research against the U-boat
C. H. Waddington, CBE. Elmsford, N.Y.:
British Book Center, 1975. 253 pp. Illus.
$15.95.
First written but denied clearance for open publication in 1946, this monograph provides a detailed study of the activities of the British Coastal Command’s Operational Research Section in the antisubmarine campaigns of 1941-1945. The author became deputy officer-in-charge of the section in 1943.
MARITIME AFFAIRS
Aids to Navigation Manual—
Technical (CG-222-3)
Washington, D.C.: United States Coast Guard, 1975. 74 pp. Illus. (paper). $5.04. ■
The purpose of this manual is to provide the information necessary to enable the operational and technical manager to select and establish maintenance and servicing standards for aids to navigation equipment. Presently only three chapters are available—ten chapters will be completed by mid-1976.
Archaeology Beneath the Sea
George F. Bass. New York: Walker and Company, 1975. 238 pp. Illus. $12.95.
Fifteen years ago the author explored an ancient wreck off the coast of Turkey. It turned out to be a Bronze Age merchantman, Carbon-14 dated at around 1200 B.c. In this lively, well-illustrated memoir, Dr. Bass transmits the thrill of that and subsequent discoveries in his pioneering career in underwater archaeology.
Basic Boat Building
Richard Frisbie. Chicago, 111.: Henry Regnery, 1975. 279 pp. Illus. $15.00 ($6.95 for paper).
Working with virtually no technical experience, advertising man and writer Richard Frisbie built his 16-foot, five-inch, cruising sloop in 702 hours (spread over a 28-month period) at a cost of $2,105.99. In this book he explains how an equally inexperienced individual can build his boat, too.
Commonsense Celestial Navigation
Hewitt Schlereth. Chicago, 111.: Henry Regnery, 1975. 231 pp. Illus. $12.95.
The aim of this book is to teach even the most unscientific of sailors how to determine a position and plot and follow a course through celestial navigation. The use of the sextant, almanacs, and sight reduction tables is explained.
0 Lloyd’s of London:
An Illustrated History
Raymond Flower and Michael Wynn Jones.
New York: Hastings House, 1974. 192 pp.
Illus. $15.00 ($12.00).
The development of Lloyd’s from its 17th century origins as a London coffeehouse to its present position as the world’s greatest insurance market is traced in this spritely, anecdotal history. Co-author Flower is a long-standing member of the corporation.
The Mutiny on the Globe
Edwin F. Hoyt. New York: Random House, 1975. 203 pp. $7.95.
In January 1824 four mutineers seized control of the Globe, a New England whaler cruising in the central Pacific, butchering her captain and three mates and terrorizing the rest of the crew. Unusually extensive contemporary documentation has enabled Mr. Hoyt to construct a vivid narrative of the origins and outcome of the mutiny. It is unfortunate that the publisher did not see fit to provide an index.
Oceanography and Seamanship
William G. Van Dorn. New York: Dodd,
Mead & Company, 1974. 481 pp. Illus. $22.50.
Practical seamanship and boat handling are examined in the light of the growing science °f oceanography. Close to 200 diagrams and drawings and 30 photographs illustrate the text. Dr. Van Dorn is a research oceanographer associated with the Scripps Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.
Pamphlet No. 422: Nautical Charts and Publications
Oklahoma City, Okla.: U. S. Coast Guard Institute, 1975. 41 pp. Illus. (paper).
This pamphlet, designed for correspondence course use, is intended to provide the understanding of chart and plotting sheet projections needed in the art of navigation. The Mercator projection is described in detail and the fundamentals of the gnomonic, Lambert, and polyconic chart projections are covered. It also deals with publications, plotting sheets, and the ordering of charts.
Port Planning and Development:
As Related to Problems of U. S. Ports and the U. S. Coastal Environment
Eric Schenker and Harry C. Brockel (Editors). Cambridge, Md.: Cornell Maritime Press, 1974. 327 pp. Illus. $12.00.
The future needs of American ports and shipping are analyzed in 25 edited papers originally presented at the Conference on Port Planning and Development sponsored by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the U. S. Department of Transportation in November 1973.
Power Boats in Rough Seas
Dag Pike. Camden, Me.: International Marine
Publishing Company, 1975. 122 pp. Illus.
$10.95.
The author’s thesis is that, given adequate sea room, a well-found, well-handled powerboat can survive most storms. The book analyzes the problems involved in getting a powerboat through heavy storms. Dag Pike holds a Master’s certificate in the British Merchant Navy, served as a lifeboat inspector for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, and has competed successfully in offshore powerboat races.
The Sargasso Sea
John and Mildred Teal (Drawings by Leslie Mavrill). Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, 1975. 216 pp. Illus. $10.00.
The true story of the legendary Sargasso
Sea—and life in, around, above, and below it—is told in this husband-and-wife team’s charmingly illustrated fourth book. John Teal, a marine biologist with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, has made several research cruises into the area and was chief scientist on board the rescue vessel Atlantis 11 in 1971. Lively excerpts from his journals of three of these voyages are included.
Sea Grant Annual Report
Niels Rorholm (Sea Grant Coordinator). Narragansett, R.I.: Marine Advisory Service, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, 1975. 20 pp. Free (paper).
The Sea Grant College Program of the University of Rhode Island conducts educational, research, and advisory programs in such areas as commercial fisheries, marine environmental problems, marine recreation, aquaculture, and ocean mining. Its third Annual Report reviews Sea Grant activities in fiscal year 1974.
Seascape and the American Imagination
Roger B. Stein. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1975. 144 pp. Illus. $15.00.
The role of art as a reflection of cultural values and views is investigated in specific regard to American maritime painting. Dr. Stein, associate professor of American Studies at the State University of New York at Binghamton, organized the Whitney Museum exhibition of which this is the hardcover catalogue. It contains eight color plates and 160 halftone illustrations.
The Strange and Dangerous Voyage of Capt. Thomas James
W. A. Kenyon (Editor). Toronto, Canada:
Royal Ontario Museum, 1975. 146 pp. Illus. $5.95 ($3.95 for paper).
On 3 May 1631, Captain Thomas James set sail from Bristol, England, in the 70-ton Henrietta Maria in an attempt to find a northwest passage to the Orient. The hardships and adventures he found instead are described in this annotated modern edition of James’ own account. Dr. Kenyon is curator in the Office of the Chief Archaeologist of the Royal Ontario Museum.
MILITARY AFFAIRS
Bellamy Park: Memoirs
Brigadier General Bradford Grethen Chynoweth, U. S. Army (Retired). Hicksville, N.Y.: Exposition Press, 1975. 301 pp. $10.00.
Bellamy Park was the Army brats’ playground at the old Columbus (Ohio) Barracks, where the author spent the happiest years of his youth. A graduate of the West Point Class 1912, he assumed command of a Philippine Army division weeks before the outbreak of World War II. Later, as Commander, Visayan Force, he reluctantly acknowledged General Jonathan Wainright’s surrender of all American forces in the Philippines. His account of the Philippine disaster forms the climax of this memoir, which includes incisive vignettes of many famous soldiers (Eisenhower, MacArthur, Patton, and others) with whom General Chynoweth served.
Military Law Review Volume 67 Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 1975 (U. S. Government Printing Office). 169 pp. $1.95 (paper).
The current issue of this quarterly review contains a perspective on "Military Justice in the Wake of Parker V. Levy,” by Professor Robinson O. Everett of the Duke University School of Law; an article on "Sex Discrimination in the Military,” by Major Harry C. Beans, JAGC, U. S. Army; and a comment on "Legal Aspects of Funding Department of the Army Procurements,” by Captain Dale Gallimore, JAGC, U. S. Army.
NATO Handbook
Brussels, Belgium: NATO Information Service, 1975. 77 pp. Free.
The history, objectives, and current organization (as of February 1975) of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are described and documented. There is also a roster of senior civil and military NATO officials.
Nuclear Arms Control Agreements and Impact
G. W. Rathjens, Abram Chaycs, and J. P.
Ruina. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1974. 72 pp. $1.00 (paper).
The literature on arms control contains many studies of the problems of verification. This study examines the effects of compliance. It attempts to assess, first, the impact of the negotiation and agreement process on weapons development and deployment, military doctrine, and international relations; and, second, to analyze the bureaucratic and political factors affecting compliance with arms control agreements.
Nuclear Threat in the Middle East
Robert J. Pranger and Dale R. Tahtinen. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1975.
57 pp. $3.00 (paper).
The hypothesis of this study, an exploration of "the worst imaginable case,” is that if the Middle East conflict continues it will eventually become nuclear. Indeed, the authors believe that evidence indicates "a fairly strong probability” that Israel has already begun stockpiling nuclear weapons. Possible scenarios for the use of nuclear and chemical-biological weapons in the Middle East and the U. S. response to such a development are considered.
Revolutionary Guerrilla Warfare
Sam C. Sarkesian (Editor). Chicago, 111.: Precedent Publishing, 1975. 623 pp. Illus.
$13.95.
The theory and practice of revolutionary guerrilla warfare, particularly in its social, political, and psychological aspects, are analyzed in a series of interpretative essays. There are also relevant excerpts from the writings of Lenin, Sun Tzu, Mao Tse-tung, the Brazilian urban guerrilla Carlos Mari- ghella, and Dr. Eduardo Mondiane, first president of the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO). Carlos Marighella and Dr. Eduardo Mondiane were both killed in 1969.
United States Military Posture for FY-1976
General George S. Brown, U. S. Air Force, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (Edited by Norman Polmar and Richard Ackley). San Bernardino, Calif.: California State College,
1975. 127 pp. Illus. $5.00 (paper).
The annual statement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on "United States Military Posture” is one of the basic documents for understanding national security policy. This publication contains the current statement on the subject. The editors are naval analyst Norman Polmar and Dr. Richard Ackley, a retired naval officer at California State College. Explanatory footnotes, a glossary, and a biographical note on General Brown have been added.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
U. S. Policy and Strategic Interests in the Western Pacific
Yuan-li Wu. New York: Crane, Russak & Company, 1975, 214 pp. Illus. $14.50 ($7.50 for paper).
The author, professor of economics at the- University of San Francisco, presents an interpretation of U. S. foreign and defense policy in the Western Pacific during the period 1969-1974. He is especially concerned with two problems: the first, the difficulty confronting the United States in its transition from the role of a superpower in a bipolar world to that of a "balancing superpower” in a multipolar world; the second, that the impression a nation’s policy creates on interested parties, its own public included, may be greatly at variance with its policymakers’ original intent.
Wetterzone der Weltpolitik:
Der Indische Ozean im Kraftespiel der M'achte
Wolfgang Hopker. Stuttgart, West Germany: Seewald Verlag, 1975. 187 pp. Illus. $2.00.
With the eclipse of British power east of Suez, the resultant power vacuum in the
Indian Ocean has become the scene of a triangular Cold War competition between the United States, the U.S.S.R. and the P.R.C. The strategic significance of this ita- portant region and its role in the expansion of Soviet sea power is analyzed here. Dr. Hopker, editor of the Bonn newspaper Deutsche Zeitung/Christ und Welt, is the author of three previous books on Soviet naval strategy.
GENERAL
Encyclopedia of U. S. Government Benefits
Roy A. Grisham, Jr., and Paul D. McConaughy (Editors). Washington, D.C.: Government Data Publications, 1975. 1,013 pp. Illus. $17.95.
The second edition of this directory describes over 5,000 benefits—business, professional, and private—available from the federal government. The eligibility requirements for each service and program are explained.
These United States
Photographs by Fred J. Maroon; text by Hugh Sidey. McLean, Va.: EPM Publications, 1975.
256 pp. Illus. $34.95.
There are picture books and then there are picture books. This one graces the genre. Sumptuously printed and bound, it presents a panorama of These United States in 182 pages of magnificent color photographs. Mr. Maroon is the recipient of Gold Medal Awards of the Art Directors’ Clubs of Washington and New York. Mr. Sidey is Time-Life's Washington Bureau Chief.
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